Effects of nitrogen fertilizer rates and ratios
of base and topdressing on wheat yield, soil nitrate content and nitrogen
balance

doi:10.1007/s11703-008-0027-1

2008, Vol. 2

Issue (2) : 181-189 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11703-008-0027-1

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer rates and ratios of base and topdressing on wheat yield, soil nitrate content and nitrogen balance

SHI Yu¹, YU Zhenwen²

1.Key Laboratory of Wheat Physiology and Genetics Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Shandong Agricultural University；Tai'an Agricultural Bureau; 2.Key Laboratory of Wheat Physiology and Genetics Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Shandong Agricultural University

Download: PDF(140 KB) HTML
Export: BibTeX | EndNote | Reference Manager | ProCite | RefWorks

Abstract Application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer is one of the most important measures that increases grain yield and improves grain quality in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. Presently, there is a large number of investigations (experiments) in the field on different nitrogen fertilizer application regimes. However, there still exists a serious problem of low nitrogen use efficiency, especially in winter wheat high yield conditions: unsuitable nitrogen fertilizer, which often leads to lower yield and large accumulation of nitrate in the soil, bringing a potential risk to the environment. In order to explore the optimal regime of nitrogen fertilizer application suitable for environment and economy, a field experiment on the different rate and ratio of base and topdressing of nitrogen fertilizer at the different growth periods of winter wheat was conducted. The field experiment was undertaken from the fall of 2003 to the summer of 2004 in the village of Zhongcun in Longkou city, in the Shandong Province of China. The field experiment with three repeats for each treatment was designed in a split-plot. The major plot was applied with urea at a nitrogen fertilizer rate of three levels, namely, 0 kg·hm^-2 (CK), 168 kg·hm^-2 (A), and 240 kg·hm^-2 (B). In the sub-plot, the ratios of base and topdressing nitrogen fertilizer at the different development periods of wheat were 1/2:1/2 (A1 and B1), 1/3:2/3 (A2 and B2) and 0:1 (A3 and B3). Treatment B1 was under a regime used now in the local region. It was found that the amount of N accumulation in plants had no significant difference between treatments applied with nitrogen fertilizer. The grain yield and grain protein content were all elevated remarkably by applying nitrogen fertilizer compared with those of treatment CK. There was no significant difference in the grain yield and grain protein content between A2 and B2 and B3. However, when compared with those of B2 and B3, in A2 there was an increase in nitrogen use efficiency and residual soil NO₃^--N and N losses were reduced. Under the condition of the same rate of nitrogen fertilizer, increasing topdressing nitrogen rate clearly elevated the grain yield, grain protein content and nitrogen use efficiency. The results indicated that the residual soil NO₃^--N in A1 and B1 accumulated higher than that of CK in 80–160 cm soil layers at the jointing stage, but that of A2 had no significant difference compared with that of CK in 0–200 cm soil layers. At the maturity stage, more residual soil NO₃^--N was detected in B2, B3 and A3 than that in CK in 120–180 cm soil layers, which could not be absorbed by the roots of wheat, but led to be eluviated easily. The amount of soil NO₃^--N accumulation in treatment A2 had no significant difference compared with that of treatment CK in the 100–200 cm soil layer. In conclusion, A2, whose nitrogen fertilizer rate was 168 kg·hm^-2 and the ratio of base and topdressing was 1/3:2/3, had a higher grain yield and grain protein content, and heightened N use efficiency and minimized the risk of NO₃^--N leaching. This should be one of the most appropriate nitrogen fertilizer application regimes in wheat production in local regions in China.

Issue Date: 05 June 2008

Cite this article:

SHI Yu,YU Zhenwen. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer rates and ratios of base and topdressing on wheat yield, soil nitrate content and nitrogen balance[J]. Front. Agric. China, 2008, 2(2): 181-189.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fag/EN/10.1007/s11703-008-0027-1
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fag/EN/Y2008/V2/I2/181

1	Dana L D Douglas L K Dan B J Thomas C K Jerry L H Thomas S C Cynthia A C 2002 Nitrogen managementstrategies to nitrate leaching in tile-drained Midwestern soilsAgronomy Journal94153171
2	Guillard K Griffin G F Allinson D W Yamartino W R Rafey M M Pietrzyk S W 1995 Nitrogen utilization of selected croppingsystem in the U.S. northeast: soil profile nitrate distribution andaccumulation. Agronomy Journal87199207
3	Han Y L Jie X L Tan J F Guo T C Zhu Y J Wang C Y Xia G J Liu Z 1998 Studies on absorption distribution andtranslocation of N, P and K of super-high-yielding winter wheatActa Agronomica Sinica24(6)908915 (in Chinese)
4	Huo Z Y Ge X Zhang H C Dai Q G Xu K Gong Z K 2004 Effect of different nitrogen application types on N-absorption andN-utilization rate of specific use cultivars of wheatActa Agronomica Sinica30(5)449454 (in Chinese)
5	Jaime L Antonio L Javier F Sergi E Joan S 2001 Bread-making wheat andsoil nitrate are effected by nitrogen fertilization in irrigated MediterraneanconditionAgronomy Journal9311831190
6	Ju X T Liu X J Zhang F S 2002 Studies on effects of nitrogen fertilizerand nitrogen balance in a winter wheat and summer maize rotation systemScientia Agricultura Sinica35(11)13611368 (in Chinese)
7	Ju X T Pan J R Liu X J Zhang F S 2003 Studies on the fate of nitrogen fertilizer in a winter wheat/summermaize rotation system in Beijing suburbanPlant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science9(3)264270 (in Chinese)
8	Kong L C Wang Z S Cao C F 1996 Effects of applying nitrogen fertilizeron yield and quality in high quality wheatJournal of Anhui Agricultural Science24(3)214216 (in Chinese)
9	Li X X Hu Y S Cheng Y S 2003 Effects of different fertilizers on cropyields and nitrate accumulationAgriculturalResearch in the Arid Areas21(3)3842 (in Chinese)
10	Lin Q Hou L B Han W 2004 Effects of nitrogen rates on grain yieldand quality of wheat in different soil fertilityPlant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science10(6)561567 (in Chinese)
11	Liu L J Sang D Z Yang J C Wang Z Q Yang J C Zhu Q S 2003a Effects of real-time and site-specific nitrogen managementson rice yield and nitrogen use efficiencyScientia Agricultura Sinica36(12)14561461 (in Chinese)
12	Liu X J Ju X T Zhang F S Pan J R Christie P 2003b Nitrogen dynamics andbudgets in a winter wheat-maize cropping system in the North ChinaPlainField Crops Research83111124 (in Chinese). doi: 10.1016/S0378‐4290(03)00068‐6
13	Liu X J Zhao Z J Ju X T Zhang F S 2002 Effect of N application as a basal fertilizer on grain yield of winterwheat, fertilizer N recovery and N balanceActa Ecologica Sinica33(7)11221128 (in Chinese)
14	Malhi S S Brandt S A Ulrich D Kutcher R H 2002 Accumulation in the soil profile under a various alternative croppingsystemJ Plant Nutr2524992520. doi:10.1081/PLN‐120014709
15	Malhi S S Gill K S Harapiak J T Nyborg M Gregorich E G Monreal C M 2003 Light fraction organic N, ammonium, nitrateand total N in a thin black chernozemic soil under brome grass after27 annual applications of different N ratesNutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems65(3)201210. doi:10.1023/A:1022623405707
16	Ottman M J Pope N V 2000 Nitrogen fertilizermovement in the soils influenced by nitrogen rate and timing in irrigatedwheatSoil Sci Soc Am J6418831892
17	Pan Q M Yu Z W Wang Y F Tain Q Z 1999 Studies on uptake and distribution of nitrogen in wheat at the levelof 9000 kg per hectareActa Agronomica Sinica25(5)541547 (in Chinese)
18	Raun W R Johnson G V 1995 Soil-plantbuffering of in organic nitrogen in continuous winter wheatAgronomy Journal87827834
19	Wu J S Guo S L Dang T H 2003 Mechanisms in the accumulation and movementof mineral N in soil profiles of farming land in a semi-arid regionActa Ecologica Sinica23(10)20412049 (in Chinese)
20	Xu Y C Jiang T H Zhang C L Wang Y B Cai D T 1998 Responses of grain yieldand protein content of bread-making wheat cultivars to nitrogen applicationrateActa Agronomica Sinica24(6)731737 (in Chinese)
21	Yang X Q Feng F Song C Q Leng S Y 2003 Fate and efficient use of nitrogen fertilizer in main agroecosystemsPlant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science9(3)373376 (in Chinese)
22	Yue S C Yu Z W Yu S L 1998 Effect of nitrogen application at differentgrowth stages on nitrogen distribution and leaves metabolism in winterwheatActa Agronomica Sinica24(5)14 (in Chinese)
23	Zhang X Zhu H X Sun C H 1999 Studies on a nitrogen recommendation systemon middle and low yield wheat fields by ¹⁵NChinese Journal of Soil Science30(5)224226 (in Chinese)
24	Zhao G C Li C X Zhang B M Wang C Y 2000 Effects of different proportion and stage of nitrogen applicationon nitrogen utilization in winter wheatActa Agriculturale Boreali-Sinica15(3)99102 (in Chinese)
25	Zhou S L Zhang F S Wang X R 2001 Studies on the spatio-temporal variationsof soil NO₃^-N andapparent budget of soil nitrogen I. Winter wheat.Acta Ecologica Sinica21(11)17821789 (in Chinese)

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed