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Frontiers of Agriculture in China

ISSN 1673-7334

ISSN 1673-744X(Online)

CN 11-5729/S

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Front Agric Chin    2011, Vol. 5 Issue (4) : 556-562    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11703-011-1149-4
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Analysis on water requirement and water-saving amount of wheat and corn in typical regions of the North China Plain
Lihua LV1, Huijun WANG2(), Xiuling JIA1, Zhimin WANG3
1. Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China; 2. Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Science, Shijiazhuang 050051, China; 3. China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
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Abstract

This paper studied the variation characters on wheat and corn water consumption and irrigation water-saving amount under different water conditions (ample irrigation level, farmers conventional irrigation level and optimizing irrigation level). The water use efficiency and water saving potential of optimizing treatment and farmers’ conventional irrigation treatment were analyzed respectively. The objective of this study was to provide theoretical supporting for popularization and application of optimizing irrigation measures. Crop water requirement under sufficient water supply was calculated by Penman equation. We obtained crop water consumption under conventional treatment and optimizing treatment by field experiment. The main results showed that the irrigation amount of wheat and corn was too much under farmers’ conventional irrigation level and basically satisfied their water requirement, therefore, the water-saving amount was smaller while water-saving potential was bigger compared with the optimizing irrigation treatment. The grain yield under optimizing irrigation treatment was improved or appreciably reduced compared with that under conventional irrigation treatment, while the water consumption and irrigation amount of optimizing irrigation treatment was lower, with a higher water use efficiency. Therefore, the optimizing irrigation treatment could achieve a stable yield and high water efficiency at the same time. Moreover, when the optimizing irrigation measure was adopted, the grain yield reached 5940 kg/hm2, water-saving amount reached 91mm for winter wheat, and the grain yield reached 7743 kg/hm2, with water-saving amount of 49 mm for summer corn in the piedmont region of Taihang Mount. The grain yield got 7710 kg/hm2, with water-saving amount of 20 mm for winter wheat in Heilonggang Plain. Therefore, the water-saving amount in the piedmont region of Taihang Mountain was obviously higher than that in Heilonggang Plain. Thus, the piedmont region of Taihang Mountain in the North China Plain is viewed as the key district for water-saving.
Keywords winter wheat      summer corn      water requirement      water-saving amount     
Corresponding Author(s): WANG Huijun,Email:nkywanghj@yahoo.com.cn   
Issue Date: 05 December 2011
 Cite this article:   
Lihua LV,Huijun WANG,Xiuling JIA, et al. Analysis on water requirement and water-saving amount of wheat and corn in typical regions of the North China Plain[J]. Front Agric Chin, 2011, 5(4): 556-562.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fag/EN/10.1007/s11703-011-1149-4
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fag/EN/Y2011/V5/I4/556
RegionsCropsYear type/irrigation systemTotal irrigation (mm)Growing stage of irrigation
Mountain-footWheatWet yr (rainfall:>130 mm)60–70Jointing
Normal yr (rainfall: 90–130 mm)120–140Jointing+ booting-flowering
Drought yr (rainfall:<80 mm)180–210Jointing+ booting+ flowering-filling
CornWet yr (rainfall: 467 mm)
Normal yr (rainfall: 334 mm)0–65Jointing
Drought yr (rainfall: 237 mm)65–130Jointing (+ silking)
HeilonggangWheatNo irrigation in spring0
1 irrigation in spring75Erecting+Jointing
2 irrigation in spring150Erecting-Jointing+ flowering-filling
Tab.1  Optimizing irrigation for winter wheat and summer corn at Taihang piedmont plain and Heilonggang plain
CropsYearTreatmentsIrrigation numberGrowing stage of irrigationTotal irrigation (mm)
Wheat2001–2002Conventional3Winter+ jointing+ booting-flowering215
(Normal yr)Optimizing2Jointing+ booting-flowering145
2002–2003Conventional2Jointing+ booting-flowering120
(Wet yr)Optimizing1Jointing60
Corn1999 (Drought yr)Conventional3–4Jointing+ silking+ early grain filling (late grain filling)210
Optimizing2Jointing+ silking120
2001Conventional3–4Jointing+ silking+ early grain filling (seedling)225
(Drought yr)Optimizing2Jointing+ silking130
Tab.2  Irrigation timing and rate of different irrigation treatment in winter wheat and straw-mulching corn
YearTreatment /(irrigation times)Irrigation numberDate of irrigationTotal irrigation (mm)
2007–2008Conventional2Erecting+ flowering135
(Wet yr)Optimizing1Jointing75
Tab.3  Irrigation timing and rate of different irrigation treatment
RegionsCountiesWater requirement (mm)Rainfall (mm)Deficit (mm)
Drought yrNormal yrWet yrDrought yrNormal yrWet yrDrought yrNormal yrWet yr
Taihang piedmont plainSanhe46346543968116192394349248
Zhuozhou46646145963114220403348239
Dingzhou48046045066109184414351266
Xinji49547045266108173429362279
Luancheng46545745063114205402343245
Feixiang57650050174121199502379302
CiXian44646546481118179209347285
Average48446845969114193393354266
Heilonggang plainHejian47246046664108184415361312
Bazhou48447447569113163408352282
Anxin44045241370109171369343242
Wuqiao46950145770111162399390295
Nangong52050148668122189452379297
Daming51250348476120204437384280
Average48348246470114179413368285
Tab.4  Water deficit for winter wheat from 1980 to 1999
RegionsCountiesWater requirement (mm)Rainfall (mm)Deficit (mm)
Drought yrNormal yrWet yrDrought yrNormal yrWet yrDrought yrNormal yrWet yr
Taihang piedmont plainSanhe462426442308498698112-33-163
Zhuozhou49847542623042564926823-81
Dingzhou52051347123837854423186-27
Xinji47242741020937653726351-127
Luancheng48047443327542168713039-116
Feixiang563544505256403515195102-5
Cixian52151249827240453720478-11
Average50248245525541559520049-76
Heilonggang PlainHejian53849248426242562617655-52
Bazhou51146545926236572624945-97
Anxin48244142625336260116650-79
Wuqiao5175014903204255329641-23
Nangong55050853322936949329214011
Daming55351047726940950420692-5
Average52548647826639358019871-41
Tab.5  Water deficit for summer corn from 1980 to 1999
YearTreatments/(Irrigations)Rainfall (mm)Water use (mm)Yield (kg/hm2)WUE (kg/m3)Water deficit (mm)
2001–2002 Normal yrAdequate water supply104491––387
Conventional/(3 Irr.)104476 a6461 b1.35 b373 a
Optimizing/(2 irr.)104374 b6615 a1.77 a271 b
2002–2003 Wet yrAdequate water supply168444––276
Conventional/(2 irr.)168352 a5180 a1.47 b184 a
Optimizing/(1irr.)168272 b5258 a1.93 a104 b
Tab.6  Winter wheat water consumption and rainfall deficit under different irrigation regime at piedmont plain
YearTreatment/(irrigations)Rainfall (mm)Water use (mm)Yield (kg/hm2)WUE (kg/m3)Water deficit (mm)
1999 drought yearAdequate water supply273431––158
Conventional /(3–4 Irr.)273415 a8722 a2.11 b142 a
Optimizing /(2 Irrigation)273367 b8131 b2.22 a94 b
2001 drought yearAdequate water supply217426––209
Conventional /(3–4 Irr.)217401 a7974 a2.00 ab184 a
Optimizing /(2Irr.)217352 b7356 b2.09 a135 b
Tab.7  Summer corn water consumption and rainfall deficit under different irrigation regime
YearTreatment/(irrigations)Rainfall (mm)Water use (mm)Yield (kg/hm2)WUE (kg/m3)Water deficit (mm)
2007–2008 Wet yearAdequate water supply152457––305
Conventional/(2 Irr.)152414 a8005 a1.90 ab262 a
Optimizing/(1Irr.)152395 ab7710 b2.00 a242 ab
Tab.8  Winter wheat water consumption and rainfall deficit under different irrigation regime
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