Current progress on genetic interactions of rice with rice blast and sheath blight fungi

doi:10.1007/s11703-009-0062-6

Front Agric Chin

2009, Vol. 3

Issue (3) : 231-239 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11703-009-0062-6

REVIEW

Current progress on genetic interactions of rice with rice blast and sheath blight fungi

Yulin JIA¹(

), Guangjie LIU², Stefano COSTANZO¹, Seonghee LEE², Yuntao DAI²

1. USDA-ARS, Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, Stuttgart AR 72160, USA; 2. Rice Research and Extension Center, University of Arkansas, Stuttgart AR 72160, USA

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Abstract

Analysis of genetic interactions between rice and its pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani should lead to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of host resistance, and the improvement of strategies to manage rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Currently, dozens of rice resistance (R) genes against specific races of the blast fungus have been described. Among them, ten were molecularly characterized and some were widely used for breeding for genetic resistance. The Pi-ta gene was one of the best characterized rice R genes. Following the elucidation of its molecular structure, interaction, distribution, and evolution, user friendly DNA markers were developed from portions of the cloned genes to facilitate the incorporations of the Pi-ta mediated resistance into improved rice varieties using marker assisted selection (MAS). However, rice blast is still a major threat for stable rice production because of race change mutations occurring in rice fields, which often overcome added resistance based on single R genes, and these virulent races of M. oryzae pose a continued challenge for blast control. For sheath blight, progress has been made on the exploration of novel sources of resistance from wild rice relatives and indica rice cultivars. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL), named qSB9-2, was recently verified in several mapping populations with different phenotyping methods, including greenhouse methods. The ability to identify qSB9-2 using greenhouse methods should accelerate the efforts on the qSB9-2 fine mapping and positional cloning.

Keywords blast Magnaporthe oryzae Oryza sativa Pi-ta rice Rhizoctonia solani sheath blight

Corresponding Author(s): JIA Yulin,Email:yulin.jia@ars.usda.gov

Issue Date: 05 September 2009

Cite this article:

Yulin JIA,Guangjie LIU,Stefano COSTANZO, et al. Current progress on genetic interactions of rice with rice blast and sheath blight fungi[J]. Front Agric Chin, 2009, 3(3): 231-239.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fag/EN/10.1007/s11703-009-0062-6
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fag/EN/Y2009/V3/I3/231

Fig.1 Blast disease of rice
Note: A germinated conidium of (a), typical symptoms of leaf blast (b), and typical symptom of panicle blast (c), left, and panicles at right are healthy (controls). Pictures were taken by a digital camera. Leaf blast was captured 7 days after infection with , and panicle blast was collected in an experimental field in Arkansas, USA.

Fig.2 Sheath blight disease of rice
Note: Rice cultivar Jasmine 85 showing highly resistance, and rice cultivar Lemont showing highly susceptibility. Picture was taken in a sheath blight nursery post anthesis after inoculation with a field isolate from Arkansas, USA.

Fig.3 A model of mediated disease resistance showing the existence of additional plant component
Note: was predicted to be translocated to the inside of plant cells in triggering /-mediated resistance. () was identified to be essential for - mediated resistance.

Fig.4 Levels of Tajima’s in accessions of and
Note: Levels of Tajima’s for (a) , (b) . The arrow indicates the position of the gene. The nucleotide diversity of the genomic region around the locus in (upper) accessions showing Tajima’s statistics of the alleles and the six flanking genes spanning the locus whose physical locations were shown in the lower panel.

Fig.5 Diagram of genomic structures of cloned blast resistance genes
Note: Exons are indicated by boxes, and introns by thin lines angled upward. For and , where two genes are required to confer rice blast resistance, their genomic distance in kb is reported at the center of the diagram.

Tab.1 Summary of molecularly characterized avirulence genes in races of

Fig.6 Micro chamber method to evaluate reactions to sheath blight pathogen
Note: Rice seedlings at three to four leaf stages were inoculated with PDA agarose blocks that contain actively grown mycelia (a). An enlarged agarose block that contains mycelia (b) and inoculated plants shown in (a) were covered by soft drink bottles with bottoms removed (c). Disease is rated 3-5 days after inoculation using a rating scale described in Jia et al. ().

Tab.2 Summary of historical effort on the identification of quantitative trait loci responsible for sheath blight resistance in rice

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