Please wait a minute...
Shopping Cart Email List Chinese
Advanced Search Fig/Tab
Frontiers of Agriculture in China

ISSN 1673-7334

ISSN 1673-744X(Online)

CN 11-5729/S

Featured Articles  |  Most Downloaded  |  Most Reading
Online Submission Subscribe to Our RSS Content Feed
Front. Agric. China    2007, Vol. 1 Issue (1) : 62-66    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11703-007-0011-1
Research article
Fertilization in Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis and its duration of each stage
Jie PENG,Jiaheng SHEN()
Department of Biology, College of Life and Environment Science, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150080, China
 Download: PDF(399 KB)   HTML
 Export: BibTeX | EndNote | Reference Manager | ProCite | RefWorks
Abstract

This paper reports the process of fertilization in Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis and the duration of each stage. The results are as follows: (1) Pollen germinates on stigma 2-3 h after pollination. (2) 4-8 h after pollination, pollen tube grows in the style. (3) 8-14 h after pollination, pollen tube grows in the ovary and gets into the ovule via the micropyle. (4) 16 h after pollination, one sperm nucleus moves to the egg and enters it. (5) The sperm nucleus adheres to the nuclear membrane of the egg 18 h after pollination. (6) 20 h after pollination, it enters the egg nucleus and male chromatin gradually disperses and 24 h after pollination, a male nucleolus appears. A large female nucleolus and a small male nucleolus occur in the nucleus of the fertilized egg, and zygote formed. The dispersing of sperm chromatin in the egg nucleus takes about 4 h. (7) 32-34 h after pollination, the division of zygote begins. The dormancy stage of the zygote lasts for about 8-10 h. (8) The pair polar nuclei lie in the chalazal end of the egg before fertilization, which may fuse into a secondary nucleus or not. (9) 16-18 h after pollination, the sperm nucleus moves to the polar nuclei or the secondary nucleus. 18 h after pollination, the sperm nucleus adheres to the nuclear membrane of the polar nuclei or that of the secondary nucleus. (10) 20 h after pollination, the sperm nucleus enters one of the polar nuclei or the secondary nucleus and a triple fusion takes place. The process of fusion is similar to the karyogamy but faster. The dispersing of the sperm chromatin in the polar nucleus or secondary nucleus takes about 2 h. (11) 22 h after pollination, the primary endosperm nucleus formed. The female and male nucleoli cannot fuse with each other before mitotic division of the primary endosperm nucleus. (12) 24 h after pollination, the division of the primary endosperm nucleus actually takes place.
Keywords Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis      fertilization     
Issue Date: 22 February 2016
 Cite this article:   
Jie PENG,Jiaheng SHEN. Fertilization in Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis and its duration of each stage[J]. Front. Agric. China, 2007, 1(1): 62-66.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fag/EN/10.1007/s11703-007-0011-1
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fag/EN/Y2007/V1/I1/62
Plate I  Fertilization process of Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis

1: Three-celled mature pollen; 2: Papillose cells; 3: Transmitting tissue; 4: The pollen tube grows in the intercellular space of papillosem cells; 5: Pollen tube grows on the surface of pseudoseptum; 6: Pollen tube protrudes from the pseudoseptum and grows along the surface of pseudoseptum towards ovule; 7: A pair of ellipsoid sperms in pollen tube; 8: Two synergids; 9: Egg; 10: A pair of polar nuclei underneath an egg; 11: A pair of sperms released into the space between the egg and polar nuclei; 12: Lens-shaped sperm nucleus on the surface of the egg nucleus; 13: Karyogamy; 14: Male chromatin disperses in the egg nucleus; 15: Male nucleolus occurs in the egg nucleus; 16: Zygote; 17: Metaphase of zygote mitosis; 18: Two-celled pro-embryo; 19: Two polar nuclei leant each other, sperm nuclei adhere to the nuclear membrane of one of polar nuclei; 20: Male nucleolus occurs in the polar nucleus just now; 21: Male nucleolus increases volume gradually; 22: After triple fusion of sperm and polar nuclei, three nucleoli occur; 23: Primary endosperm nucleus, a big nucleolus in it resulted from the fusion of the three nucleoli; 24: Metaphase of primary endosperm nucleus mitosis; 25: Anaphase of primary endosperm nucleus mitosis; 26: Telophase of primary endosperm nucleusmitosis; 1.x1 200; 2-5.x125; 6.x800; 7-26.x1 000

Process of fertilization Duration/h From pollination to the first division Time /h
Pollen grain germinates 4 Zygote division 32-34
Pollen tube grows in the style 4 Primary endosperm nucleus division 24
Pollen tube grows in the ovary and enters ovule 6
Pollen tube releases sperms in synergid 2
Two sperms move to egg and polar nuclei 2
Sperm-egg fusion 6
Triple fusion of sperm and polar nuclei 4
Table 1  Duration of each stage of fertilization in Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis
[1] Chen J (1984). Morphology of Chinese Cabbage. Beijing: Science Press, 78-101 (in Chinese)
[2] Hu S Y, Zhu C (1979). The fusion of female and male nucleus during fertilization in higher plant. Acta Botanica Sinica, 21(1): 1-10 (in Chinese)
[3] Hu S Y, Yang H Y (1964). Biology of Angiosperm Fertilization. Beijing: Science Press, 78-115 (in Chinese)
[4] Li S X (2002). Flower bud differentiation and leaf spheroid formation in Chinese cabbage. Scientia Agricultur Sinica, (6): 36-40 (in Chinese)
[5] Ma F S (1988). Embryology of Brassica campestris ssp. Pekinensis. In: Botanical Society of China, ed(s). Scientific papers abstract complication of annual meeting of the 55 th anniversary of Botanical Society of China. Beijing: Science Press, 317-318 (in Chinese)
[6] Ma F S, Meng Z N, Han X D (1986). Studies on reproductive biology in Chinese cabbage. Shandong Agricultural Science, (6): 1-4 (in Chinese)
[7] Ma F S, Zheng Y J (1992). Embryo development of Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis. Acta Botanica Boreali-occidentalia Sinica, 12(2): 104-110 (in Chinese)
[8] Shen J H (1983). Studies on fertilization in soybean. Acta Botanica Sinica, 25(3): 213-218 (in Chinese)
[9] Wang F Q, Li M, Qu Y M (2001 b). Observation on microstructure of male abortion in Chinese cabbage. Chinese Bulletion of Botany, 18(1): 105-109 (in Chinese)
[10] Wang F Q, Wang C L, Song Z H (2001 a). The cytological observation of pollen and anther development in the cabbage 8823 male-sterile line. Acta Botanica Borealioccidentalia Sinica, 21(3): 570-574 (in Chinese)
[11] Wu S Y (1979). Flowering and seeding of Chinese cabbage. Shandong Agricultural Science, (5): 13-16 (in Chinese)
[12] Zhang C H, Liu S X, Zhao X Q, Zhang Y J (1991). A study on pollination and fertilization of self-incompatible line Chinese cabbage. Journal of Hebei Agricultural University, 14(3): 30-32 (in Chinese)
[1] Ekhlas M. MUSA, Elsiddig A. E. ELSHEIKH, Isam A. MOHAMED AHMED, Elfadil E. BABIKER. Effect of intercropping, Bradyrhizobium inoculation and N, P fertilizers on yields, physical and chemical quality of cowpea seeds[J]. Front Agric Chin, 2011, 5(4): 543-551.
[2] Limin SUN, Chunjie LI, Ping HE, Mengchao LIU, Jinghui HU. Long-term application of K fertilizer and straw returning improve crop yield, absorptive capacity of K, and soil nutrient natural supplying capacity in North China[J]. Front Agric Chin, 2011, 5(4): 563-569.
[3] XU Huaqin, XIAO Runlin, SONG Tongqing. Effects of different fertilization on microbial biomass carbon from the red soil in tea garden[J]. Front. Agric. China, 2008, 2(4): 418-422.
[4] ZHENG Weiwei, CHEN Feng, ZHAI Heng, XU Yuehua, ZHANG Jing. Interactive effects of organic fertilizer, CaSO4 and amino acid Ca on Fuji apple in Burozem soil in China[J]. Front. Agric. China, 2007, 1(4): 460-467.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed