Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of <italic>Syzygium aromaticum</italic> flower bud (Clove) against fish systemic bacteria isolated from aquaculture sites

doi:10.1007/s11703-009-0052-8

Front Agric Chin

2009, Vol. 3

Issue (3) : 332-336 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11703-009-0052-8

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Syzygium aromaticum flower bud (Clove) against fish systemic bacteria isolated from aquaculture sites

Seongwei LEE(

), Musa NAJIAH, Wee WENDY, Musa NADIRAH

Department of Fisheries Science and Aquaculture, Faculty of Agrotechnology and Food Science, University Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu 21030, Malaysia

Download: PDF(89 KB) HTML
Export: BibTeX | EndNote | Reference Manager | ProCite | RefWorks

Abstract

This paper describes the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Syzygium aromaticum against Vibrio spp. (n=6), Edwardsiella spp. (n=21), Aeromonas spp. (n=2), Escherichia coli (n=2), Flavobacterium spp. (n=1), Salmonella spp. (n=2), Streptococcus spp. (n=1) and Pseudomonas spp. (n=1) isolated from aquaculture sites as well as seven reference strains of bacteria, namely, Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Citrobacter freundii (ATCC 8090), Aeromonas hydrophila (ATCC 49140), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 35032), Streptococcus agalactiae (ATCC13813), Edwardsiella tarda (ATCC 15947) and Yersinia enterocolitica (ATCC 23715). Nowadays, most antibiotics are no longer effective in controlling diseases in aquaculture, especially fish systemic bacterial diseases, due to increasing incidences of antibiotic resistance among pathogenic bacteria. Furthermore, many countries have banned antibiotics in aquaculture use due to public health concerns and environmental hazards. Therefore, this study was carried out to evaluate the potential of the essential oil of S. aromaticum as an alternate commercial antibiotic to antimicrobial agents against fish systemic bacteria in aquaculture. The essential oil of S. aromaticum was prepared using a steam distillation method, and the chemical composition was analysed using Gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the essential oils against the tested bacteria were determined using the broth two fold micro dilution method, with kanamycin and eugenol as positive controls. The MIC values of the essential oil of S. aromaticum ranged from 0.015 μg·mL^-1 to 0.062 μg·mL^-1 against the tested bacterial isolates. A total of nine chemical compounds were detected in the essential oil, with eugenol (49.0%) and caryophyllene (7.5%) being the major compounds. The results of the present study indicate that the essential oil of S. aromaticum shows a huge potential to substitute commercial antibiotics as antimicrobial agents for aquaculture use.

Keywords essential oil Syzygium aromaticum fish systemic bacteria aquaculture sites

Corresponding Author(s): LEE Seongwei,Email:leeseongwei@yahoo.com

Issue Date: 05 September 2009

Cite this article:

Seongwei LEE,Musa NAJIAH,Wee WENDY, et al. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Syzygium aromaticum flower bud (Clove) against fish systemic bacteria isolated from aquaculture sites[J]. Front Agric Chin, 2009, 3(3): 332-336.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fag/EN/10.1007/s11703-009-0052-8
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fag/EN/Y2009/V3/I3/332

types of bacterial	source	Kanamycin/(μg·mL^-1)	Eugenol/(μg·mL^-1)	essential oil Syzygiumaromaticum/(μg·mL^-1)
Vibrio spp.	Penaeus vannamei	31	15625	0.015
Vibrio spp.	Penaeus monodon	31	15625	0.015
Vibrio spp.	Scylla sp.	62	15625	0.015
Edwardsiella spp.	Rana catesbeiana	15	250000	0.031
Aeromonas spp.	Rana catesbeiana	15	125000	0.031
Flavobacterium spp.	Rana catesbeiana	62	125000	0.031
Vibrio spp.	Rana catesbeiana	31	31250	0.015
Aeromonas spp.	Macrobrachium rosenbergii	31	62500	0.031
Escherichia coli	Macrobrachium rosenbergii	31	62500	0.031
Edwardsiella spp.	Macrobrachium rosenbergii	31	62500	0.062
Salmonella spp.	Macrobrachium rosenbergii	31	62500	0.062
Vibrio spp.	Macrobrachium rosenbergii	62	31250	0.015
Streptococcus spp.	Trachinotus blochii	62	62500	0.062
Escherichia coli	Trachinotus blochii	62	62500	0.062
Edwardsiella spp.	Trachinotus blochii	31	62500	0.062
Salmonella spp.	Trachinotus blochii	31	15625	0.062
Pseudomonas spp.	Trachinotus blochii	31	32500	0.062
Vibrio damsela	Trachinotus blochii	31	32500	0.015
Edwardsiella tarda	Clarias gariepinus	15	62500	0.062
Edwardsiella tarda	Clarias gariepinus	31	125000	0.062
Edwardsiella tarda	Clarias gariepinus	31	62500	0.062
Edwardsiella tarda	Clarias gariepinus	31	62500	0.062
Edwardsiella tarda	Clarias gariepinus	31	62500	0.031
Edwardsiella tarda	Clarias gariepinus	62	62500	0.031
Edwardsiella tarda	Clarias gariepinus	31	62500	0.062
Edwardsiella tarda	Tilapia sp.	125	15625	0.015
Edwardsiella tarda	Tilapia sp.	31	32500	0.015
Edwardsiella tarda	Monopterus albus	31	32500	0.015
Edwardsiella tarda	Monopterus albus	125	32500	0.015
Edwardsiella tarda	Monopterus albus	62	15625	0.062
Edwardsiella tarda	Monopterus albus	31	15625	0.062
Edwardsiella tarda	Monopterus albus	31	62500	0.015
Edwardsiella tarda	Trichogaster pectoralis	31	62500	0.062
Edwardsiella tarda	Trichogaster pectoralis	31	62500	0.031
Edwardsiella tarda	Trichogaster pectoralis	31	32500	0.031
Edwardsiella tarda	Trichogaster pectoralis	31	15625	0.015
Escherichia coli	ATCC 25922	31	32500	0.015
Citrobacter freundii	ATCC 8090	31	32500	0.015
Aeromonas hydrophila	ATCC 49140	31	62500	0.015
Pseudomonas aeruginosa	ATCC 35032	31	32500	0.015
Streptococcus agalactiae	ATCC13813	31	32500	0.015
Edwardsiella tarda	ATCC 15947	31	32500	0.031
Yersinia enterocolitica	ATCC 23715	31	62500	0.031

Tab.1 Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of Kanamycin, Eugenol and against fish systemic bacteria isolated from aquaculture sites

Tab.2 Composition compound in the essential oil of

1	Alderman D J, Hastings T S (1998). Antibiotic use in aquaculture: development of antibiotic resistance – potential for consumer health risks. International Journal Food Science Technology , 33: 139-155 doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2621.1998.3320139.x
2	Banerjee S, Panda C K, Das S (2006). Clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.), a potential chemopreventive agent for lung cancer. Carcinogenesis , 27(8): 1645-1654 doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgi372
3	Bauer K, Garbe D, Surburg H (2001). Common Fragrance and Flavor Materials: Preparation, Properties and Uses. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 293 doi: 10.1002/3527600205
4	Baytop T (1999). Therapy with medicinal plants in Turkey (Past and Present). 2nd ed. Istanbul: Publications of the Istanbul University, 244-245
5	Betoni J E, Mantovani R P, Barbosa L N, Di Stasi L C, Fernandes Junior A (2006). Synergism between plant extract and antimicrobial drugs used on Staphylococcus aureus diseases. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz , 101(4): 387-390
6	Cabello F C (2006). Heavy use of prophylactic antibiotics in aquaculture: a growing problem for human and animal health and for the environment. Environmental Microbiology , 8: 1137-1144 doi: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2006.01054.x
7	Cai L, Wu C D (1996). Compounds from Syzygium aromaticum possessing growth inhibitory activity against oral pathogens. Journal of Natural Products , 59: 987-990 doi: 10.1021/np960451q
8	Chaieb K, Hajlaoui H, Zamantar T, Kahla-Nakbi A B, Rouabhia M, Mahdouani K, Bakhrouf F (2007). The chemical composition and biological activity of clove essential oil, Eugenia caryophyllata (Syzygium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae): a short review. Phytotherapy Research , 21: 501-506 doi: 10.1002/ptr.2124
9	Daud A, Gallo A, Sanchez Riera A (2005). Antimicrobial properties of Phrygilanthus acutifolius. Journal of Ethnopharmacology , 99: 193-197 doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2005.01.043
10	Domarack M, Rehak P, Juhas S, Koppel J (2007). Effects of selected plant essential oils on the growth and development of mouse preimplantation embryos in vivo. Physiological Research , 56: 97-104
11	Farag R S, Daw Z Y, Hewedi F M, El-Baroty G S A (1989). Antimicrobial activity of some Egyptian spice essential oils. Journal of Food Protection , 52 (9): 665-667
12	Fu Y J, Zu Y G, Chen L Y, Shi X G, Wang Z, Sun S, Efferth T (2007). Antimicrobial activity of clove and rosemary essential oils alone and in combination. Phytotherapy Research , 21(10): 989-994 doi: 10.1002/ptr.2179
13	Kim H M, Lee E H, Hong S H, Song H J, Shin M K, Kim S H, Shin T Y (1998). Effect of Syzygium aromaticum extract on immediate hypersensitivity in rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology , 60: 125-131 doi: 10.1016/S0378-8741(97)00143-8
14	Kim J, Marshall M R, Wei C I (1995). Antibacterial activity of some essential oil components against five foodborne pathogens. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry , 43: 2839-2845 doi: 10.1021/jf00059a013
15	Kong Q L, Song Y Z, Zhang L L, Chen L Y, Li Q F (2004). Natural antifungal compounds from Syzyqium aromaticum (L.) Merr. et Perry. Acta Agriculturae Shanghai , 20(3): 68-72
16	Lopez P, Snchez C, Batle R, Nern C (2005). Solid- and vapor-phase antimicrobial activities of six essential oils: susceptibility of selected foodborne bacterial and fungal strains. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry , 53(17): 6939-6946 doi: 10.1021/jf050709v
17	Moreira M R, Ponce A G, del Valle C E, Roura S I (2005). Inhibitory parameters of essential oils to reduce a foodborne pathogen. LWT- Food Science and Technology , 38: 565-570 doi: 10.1016/j.lwt.2004.07.012
18	Thoroski J, Blank G, Biliaderis C (1989). Eugenol induced inhibition of extracellular enzyme production by Bacillus cereus. Journal of Food Protection , 52(6): 399-403
19	Wendakoon C N, Sakaguchi M (1993). Combined effect of sodium chloride and clove on growth and biogenic amine formation of Enterobacter aerogenes in mackerel muscle extract. Journal of Food Protection , 56(5): 410-413
20	Yano Y, Satomi M, Oikawa H (2006). Antimicrobial effect of spices and herbs on Vibrio parahaemolyticus. International Journal of Food Microbiology , 111: 6-11 doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2006.04.031
21	Zheng G Q, Kenny P M, Lam K T (1992). Sesquiterpenes from clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) as potential anticarcinogenic agents. Journal of Natural Products , 55: 999-1003 doi: 10.1021/np50085a029

[1]	Jingwei LI, Jian LIU, Hai LAN, Mingmin ZHENG, Tingzhao RONG. GC-MS analysis of the chemical constituents of the essential oil from the leaves of yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolia)[J]. Front Agric Chin, 2009, 3(1): 40-42.

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed