|
|
The genomic sequence of AFS-1―an alpha -farnesene synthase from the apple cultivar
‘Royal Gala’ |
Lesley BEUNING,Sol GREEN,Yar-Khing YAUK, |
The New Zealand Institute
for Plant & Food Research Limited, Mt Albert, Auckland 1025, New
Zealand; |
|
|
Abstract The genomic sequence encoding alpha- farnesene synthase-1 (AFS-1) was amplified from genomic DNA isolated from ‘Royal Gala’ apple (Malus×domestica Borkh.). The genomic sequence consists of six introns and seven exons, which is consistent with Class III terpene synthases. Four variants of the genomic sequence were amplified. The four variants are based on the presence or absence of a repeat of two sequences, one found in intron 4 (CAGTTATTTAATT) and the other in intron 5 (TA). Although there were small nucleotide differences among the three apple cultivars ‘Royal Gala’, ‘Idared’, and ‘Ralls’, these resulted in only two amino acid changes in the protein sequence, which are unlikely to explain the resistance or susceptibility of an apple cultivar to superficial scald. Given that AFS-1 transcript levels are high in all cultivars, it appears that it is either the reactions downstream of alpha-farnesene production that control the accumulation of oxidation products related to superficial scald or that the variation in the level of its substrate, farnesyl diphosphate, may cause differences in the amount of alpha-farnesene produced.
|
Keywords
α-farnesene synthase
‘Royal Gala’
genomic sequence
superficial scald
|
Issue Date: 05 March 2010
|
|
|
Bohlmann J, Meyer-Gauen G, Croteau R (1998). Plant terpenoid synthases: Molecularbiology and phylogenetic analysis. Proceedingsof the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 95(8): 4126–4133
doi: 10.1073/pnas.95.8.4126
|
|
Bohlmann J, Phillips M, Ramachandiran V, Katoh S, Croteau R (1999). cDNA cloning,characterization, and functional expression of four new monoterpenesynthase members of the Tpsd gene family from grand fir (Abies grandis). Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 368(2): 232–243
doi: 10.1006/abbi.1999.1332
|
|
Davis E M, Croteau R (2000). Cyclizationenzymes in the biosynthesis of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and diterpenes. Topics in Current Chemistry, 209: 53–95
doi: 10.1007/3-540-48146-X_2
|
|
Fernandez-Trujillo J P, Nock J F, Kupferman E M, Brown S K, Watkins C B (2003). Peroxidaseactivity and superficial scald development in apple fruit. J Agric Food Chem, 51(24): 7182–7186
doi: 10.1021/jf034079d
|
|
Green S, Friel E N, Matich A, Beuning L L, Cooney J M, Rowan D D, MacRae E (2007). Unusual features of a recombinant apple alpha-farnesenesynthase. Phytochemistry, 68(2): 176–188
doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.10.017
|
|
Green S, Squire C J, Nieuwenhuizen N J, Baker E N, Laing W (2009). Definingthe potassium binding region in an apple terpene synthase. J Biol Chem, 284(13): 8661–8669
doi: 10.1074/jbc.M807140200
|
|
Huang J, Cardoza Y J, Schmelz E A, Raina R, Engelberth J, Tumlinson J H (2003). Differential volatile emissions andsalicylic acid levels from tobacco plants in response to differentstrains of Pseudomonas syringae. Planta, 217(5): 767–775
doi: 10.1007/s00425-003-1039-y
|
|
López-Gómez R, Gómez-Lim M A (1992). A method for extracting intact RNA from fruits rich in polysaccharidesusing ripe mango mesocarp. Hortscience, 27: 440–442
|
|
Martin D M, Faldt J, Bohlmann J (2004). Functional characterization of nineNorway Spruce TPS genes and evolution of gymnosperm terpene synthasesof the TPS-d subfamily. Plant Physiology, 135(4): 1908–1927
doi: 10.1104/pp.104.042028
|
|
Newcomb R D, Crowhurst R N, Gleave A P, Rikkerink E H A, Allan A C, Beuning L L, Bowen J H, Gera E, Jamieson K R, Janssen B J, Laing W A, McArtney S, Nain B, Ross G S, Snowden K C, Souleyre E J F, Walton E F, Yauk Y-K (2006). Analyses of expressed sequence tags from apple. Plant Physiology, 141(1): 147–166
doi: 10.1104/pp.105.076208
|
|
Pare P W, Tumlinson J H (1998). Cottonvolatiles synthesized and released distal to the site of insect damage. Phytochemistry, 47(4): 521–526
doi: 10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00442-1
|
|
Pare P W, Tumlinson J H (1999). Plantvolatiles as a defense against insect herbivores. Plant Physiology, 121(2): 325–332
doi: 10.1104/pp.121.2.325
|
|
Pechous S W, Waltkins B D, Whitaker B D (2005). Expression of alpha-farnesene synthasegene AFS1 in relation to levels of alpha-farnesene and conjugatedtrienols in peel tissue of scald-susceptible ‘Law Rome’and scald-resistant ‘Idared’ apple fruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 35: 125–132
doi: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2004.08.005
|
|
Pesis E, Ibanez A M, Phu M L, Mitcham E J, Ebeler S E, Dandekar A M (2009). Superficial scald and bitter pit developmentin cold-stored transgenic apples suppressed for ethylene biosynthesis. J Agric Food Chem, 57(7): 2786–2792
doi: 10.1021/jf802564z
|
|
Rowan D D, Hunt M B, Fielder S, Norris J, Sherburn M S (2001). Conjugatedtriene oxidation products of alpha-farnesene induce symptoms of superficialscald on stored apples. J Agric Food Chem, 49(6): 2780–2787
doi: 10.1021/jf0015221
|
|
Rueger B, Thalhammer J, Obermaier I, Gruenewald-Janho S (1996). Experimental procedure for the detection of rare humanmRNA with the DIG system. Biochemica, 3: 35–38
|
|
Sharkey T D, Yeh S, Wiberley A E, Falbel T G, Gong D, Fernandez D E (2005). Evolution of the isoprene biosyntheticpathway in kudzu. Plant Physiology, 137(2): 700–712
doi: 10.1104/pp.104.054445
|
|
Trapp S C, Croteau R B (2001). Genomicorganization of plant terpene synthases and molecular evolutionaryimplications. Genetics, 158(2): 811–832
|
|
Tsantili E, Gapper N E, Arquiza J M, Whitaker B D, Watkins C B (2007). Ethyleneand alpha-farnesene metabolism in green and red skin of three applecultivars in response to 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment. J Agric Food Chem, 55(13): 5267–5276
doi: 10.1021/jf063775l
|
|
Vuorinen T, Nerg A M, Ibrahim M A, Reddy G V, Holopainen J K (2004). Emissionof Plutella xylostella-inducedcompounds from cabbages grown at elevated CO2 and orientation behavior of the natural enemies. Plant Physiology, 135(4): 1984–1992
doi: 10.1104/pp.104.047084
|
|
Wang Z Y, Dilley D R (1999). Controlof superficial scald of apples by low-oxygen atmospheres. Hortscience, 34(7): 1145–1151
|
|
Whitaker B D (1998). Phenolic fatty-acid esters from the peel of ‘Gala’apples and their possible role in resistance to superficial scald. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 13(1): 1–10
doi: 10.1016/S0925-5214(97)00070-7
|
|
Whitaker B D (2004). Oxidative stress and superficial scald of apple fruit. Hortscience, 39(5): 933–937
|
|
Yuan K, Liu Q, Li B, Zhang L (2008). Genomic structure and sequence polymorphism of E,E-alpha-farnesenesynthase gene in apples (Malus domestica Borkh.). Frontiers of Agriculture inChina, 2(2): 190–193
doi: 10.1007/s11703-008-0041-3
|
|
Viewed |
|
|
|
Full text
|
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
|
|
Cited |
|
|
|
|
|
Shared |
|
|
|
|
|
Discussed |
|
|
|
|