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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering

ISSN 2095-7505

ISSN 2095-977X(Online)

CN 10-1204/S

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Front. Agr. Sci. Eng.    2019, Vol. 6 Issue (4) : 357-365    https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2019275
REVIEW
Improving the efficiency and effectiveness of global phosphorus use: focus on root and rhizosphere levels in the agronomic system
Uwe LUDEWIG1(), Lixing YUAN2, Günter NEUMANN1
1. Crop Science Institute, Nutritional Crop Physiology (340h), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 20, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany
2. National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions (Ministry of Education), College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Abstract

Phosphorus (P) is essential for life and for efficient crop production, but global P use with limited recycling is inefficient in several sectors, including agronomy. Unfortunately, plant physiologists, agronomists, farmers and end users employ different measures for P use efficiency (PUE), which often masks their values at different scales. The term P use effectiveness, which also considers energetic and sustainability measures in addition to P balances, is also a valuable concept. Major physiological and genetic factors for plant P uptake and utilization have been identified, but there has been limited success in genetically improving PUE of modern crop cultivars. In maize, studies on root architectural and morphological traits appear promising. Rhizosphere processes assist in mobilizing and capturing sparingly soluble phosphate from rock phosphate. Combinations of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms with ammonium-based nitrogen fertilizer, as well as strategies of fertilizer placement near the roots of target crops, can moderately enhance PUE. The desired concentration of P in the products differs, depending on the final use of the crop products as feed, food or for energy conversion, which should be considered during crop production.

Keywords acquisition efficiency      plant growth promoting rhizobacteria      phosphate      use efficiency      utilization efficiency     
Corresponding Author(s): Uwe LUDEWIG   
Just Accepted Date: 01 August 2019   Online First Date: 25 September 2019    Issue Date: 29 November 2019
 Cite this article:   
Uwe LUDEWIG,Lixing YUAN,Günter NEUMANN. Improving the efficiency and effectiveness of global phosphorus use: focus on root and rhizosphere levels in the agronomic system[J]. Front. Agr. Sci. Eng. , 2019, 6(4): 357-365.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fase/EN/10.15302/J-FASE-2019275
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fase/EN/Y2019/V6/I4/357
Fig.1  Increased availability of sparingly soluble P-fertilizer for plant growth by ammonium-based fertilizer and microbial inoculation. (a) Maize shoot growth improvement by stabilized ammonium fertilizer in combination with rock-P on a fertilized calcareous alkaline subsoil (pH 7.6) mixed with sand (30%). From left to right: no rock-P (but all other nutrients, nitrogen as NO3), stabilized ammonium with rock-P, stabilized ammonium with rock-P and bacterial inoculant (a Pseudomonas strain), soluble P with nitrogen as NO3; (b) scheme of nitrogen form-associated changes in the root physiology and rhizosphere, which in the case of ammonium-induced acidification help to transiently dissolve Pi from rock-P (apatite), before it is again fixed to Fe-P and Al-P. Possible rhizosphere effects on soil chemistry, microbiome and availability of nutrients are indicated (photograph courtesy of Isaac Mpanga).
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