Barriers to advancing nanotechnology to better improve and translate nanomedicines

doi:10.1007/s11705-014-1442-x

Front. Chem. Sci. Eng.

2014, Vol. 8

Issue (3) : 265-275 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-014-1442-x

REVIEW ARTICLE

Barriers to advancing nanotechnology to better improve and translate nanomedicines

Yuwei WANG,David W. Grainger(

)

Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5820, USA

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Abstract

Engineered nanomaterials and nanotechnologies promise many benefits to enhance both in vitro and in vivo performance. This is now manifest in the increasing number of reported biomedical products under development and testing that contain nanotechnologies as their distinguishing performance—enhancing components. In many cases, nano-sized materials are selected to provide a specific functional aspect that contributes to improved medical performance, either in vitro or in vivo. Nanoparticles are most commonly exploited in diverse roles in topical lotions and creams, solubilization aids, for in vitro and in vivo diagnostic and targeting agents in nanomedicines and theranostics. Despite fundamental scientific excitement and many claims to nanotechnology-based improvements in new biomedical applications, several fundamental and long-standing challenges remain to be addressed using nanomedicines to make clinically important progress. This review addresses several issues that must be fairly and objectively reported and then overcome to provide truly credible performance for nanomedicines.

Keywords nanotechnology nanomedicine drug delivery therapeutic target delivery

Corresponding Author(s): David W. Grainger

Issue Date: 11 October 2014

Cite this article:

Yuwei WANG,David W. Grainger. Barriers to advancing nanotechnology to better improve and translate nanomedicines[J]. Front. Chem. Sci. Eng., 2014, 8(3): 265-275.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/10.1007/s11705-014-1442-x
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/Y2014/V8/I3/265

Fig.1 Nanomedicine product development task set from conception through basic science assessment to preclinical proof-of-concept and then to translation

Fig.2 In vivo nanoparticle fate in systemic circulation after intravenous injection that determine circulation lifetime and efficiency of tumor delivery. (a) exposure to blood causes plasma proteins and lipids to rapidly adsorb onto particle surfaces (opsonization). These coated plasma proteins (the corona) can promote macrophage-mediated uptake, particularly by the host MPS system; (b) if the EPR effect is present, nanoparticles can exit the vasculature by passing through the vascular endothelial layer via open tight junction pores to accumulate in tumor interstitium adjacent to matrix, actually entering the tumor bed (see Fig. 2); (c) nanoparticles release drug payloads to blood components in the blood stream that can then diffuse into the tumor bed or flow downstream

Fig.3 Nanocarrier transport via the systemic vasculature and blood flow: contrast of transport “to the tumor” with carrier retention only in the vascular wall versus transport “into the tumor” where the nanocarrier penetrates through the vascular wall and into the tumor’s extracellular matrix (Adapted from http://www.siumed.edu/~dking2/crr/cvguide.htm#vessels with permission)

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