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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering

ISSN 2095-0179

ISSN 2095-0187(Online)

CN 11-5981/TQ

Postal Subscription Code 80-969

2018 Impact Factor: 2.809

Front. Chem. Sci. Eng.    2016, Vol. 10 Issue (4) : 472-479    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-016-1592-0
REVIEW ARTICLE
Industrial water treatment and industrial marine outfalls: Achieving the right balance
Adrian W. K. Law1,2(),Chunyan Tang1,2
1. Environmental Process Modelling Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore
2. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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Abstract

Industrial water treatment and industrial marine outfalls both function together to reduce the pollutant concentrations in the effluent and mitigate the potential impact on the environment. The former uses environmental treatment technology with energy and material cost considerations, while the latter utilizes the natural assimilation potential of the coastal water environment achievable at the outfall location. Because of their synergistic nature, marine outfalls are now commonly used for the disposal of partially treated domestic and industrial effluents in many coastal cities around the world, with many successful examples of low and acceptable risks to the environment. The objective of this paper is to review their balance from both environmental and economic considerations. We also discuss the end-of-the-pipe and mixing zone approaches for industrial effluents, and give some recommendations particularly for developing countries. Finally, we emphasize that a compulsory and vigorous monitoring program is essential regardless of how the balance is achieved.

Keywords industrial effluent treatment      industrial marine outfalls      economic and environmental considerations     
Corresponding Author(s): Adrian W. K. Law   
Just Accepted Date: 26 August 2016   Online First Date: 24 October 2016    Issue Date: 29 November 2016
 Cite this article:   
Adrian W. K. Law,Chunyan Tang. Industrial water treatment and industrial marine outfalls: Achieving the right balance[J]. Front. Chem. Sci. Eng., 2016, 10(4): 472-479.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/10.1007/s11705-016-1592-0
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/Y2016/V10/I4/472
Fig.1  An effluent disposal system with treatment plant, outfall pipe, diffuser and near field zone
Fig.2  Overall locations of 400 major outfalls in the word from 1978 to 2007 (Date source: Grace, 2009)
Fig.3  Marine discharges in Scotland (the National Marine Plan) (Total numbers of outfalls= 496; Data source: SEPA)
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