Rhamnolipid synthesis and production with diverse resources

doi:10.1007/s11705-016-1607-x

Front. Chem. Sci. Eng.

2017, Vol. 11

Issue (1) : 27-36 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-016-1607-x

REVIEW ARTICLE

Rhamnolipid synthesis and production with diverse resources

Qingxin Li(

)

Institute of Chemical & Engineering Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Singapore

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Abstract

Rhamnolipids are one of the most effective biosurfactants that are of great interest in industrial applications such as enhancing oil recovery, health care, cosmetics, pharmaceutical processes, food processing, detergents for protein folding, and bioremediation due to their unique characteristics such as low toxicity, surface active property to reduce surface/interfacial tensions, and excellent biodegradability. The genes and metabolic pathways for rhamnolipid synthesis have been well elucidated, but its cost-effective production is still challenging. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the most powerful rhamnolipid producer, is an opportunistic pathogen, which limits its large scale production and applications. Rhamnolipid production using engineered strains other than Pseudomonas aeruginosa such as E. coli and Pseudomonas putida has received much attention. The highest yield of rhamnolipids is achieved when oil-type carbon sources are used, but using cheaper and renewable carbon sources such as lignocellulose would be an attractive strategy to reduce the production cost of rhamnolipids for various industrial applications.

Keywords biosurfactant rhamnolipid Pseudomonas waste surface tension

Corresponding Author(s): Qingxin Li

Online First Date: 23 December 2016 Issue Date: 17 March 2017

Cite this article:

Qingxin Li. Rhamnolipid synthesis and production with diverse resources[J]. Front. Chem. Sci. Eng., 2017, 11(1): 27-36.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/10.1007/s11705-016-1607-x
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/Y2017/V11/I1/27

Fig.1 Structures of rhamnolipids. The length of the carbon chain (m) may vary and the most common rhamnolipids contain 10-carbon chains

Fig.2 Simplified metabolic pathways for rhamnolipid production. Abbreviations: Acyl-CoA, Acetyl- coenzyme; HAA, β-3-(3-hydroxyalkanoyloxy) alkanoic acid; PHA, polyhydroxyalkanoates; ACP, acyl carrier protein; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; RhlA, β-3-(3-Hydroxyalkanoyloxy) alkanoic acid synthetase; RhlB, Rhamnosyltransferase 1; RhlC, Rhamnosyltransferase 2. Glucose and fatty acids are highlighted in blue boxes, rhamnolipids and their precursors are highlighted in green, and other compounds are shown in black

Fig.3 Some carbon sources used for rhamnolipid production. The commonly used carbon sources for rhamnolipid production are shown in black boxes. Wastes containing useful carbon sources are highlighted in gray. Wastes during oil production or refinement, or containing oil are not shown. Some of them are listed in Table 1

Tab.1 Renewable carbon sources that can be used for rhamnolipid production

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