Structural engineering of transition metal-based nanostructured electrocatalysts for efficient water splitting

doi:10.1007/s11705-018-1746-3

Front. Chem. Sci. Eng.

2018, Vol. 12

Issue (4) : 838-854 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-018-1746-3

REVIEW ARTICLE

Structural engineering of transition metal-based nanostructured electrocatalysts for efficient water splitting

Yueqing Wang, Jintao Zhang(

)

Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China

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Abstract

Water splitting is a highly promising approach for the generation of sustainable, clean hydrogen energy. Tremendous efforts have been devoted to exploring highly efficient and abundant metal oxide electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution and hydrogen evolution reactions to lower the energy consumption in water splitting. In this review, we summarize the recent advances on the development of metal oxide electrocatalysts with special emphasis on the structural engineering of nanostructures from particle size, composition, crystalline facet, hybrid structure as well as the conductive supports. The special strategies relay on the transformation from the metal organic framework and ion exchange reactions for the preparation of novel metal oxide nanostructures with boosting the catalytic activities are also discussed. The fascinating methods would pave the way for rational design of advanced electrocatalysts for efficient water splitting.

Keywords water splitting structure engineering metal organic framework ion exchange synergistic effect hybrid structure conductive supports

Corresponding Author(s): Jintao Zhang

Just Accepted Date: 18 May 2018 Online First Date: 13 September 2018 Issue Date: 03 January 2019

Cite this article:

Yueqing Wang,Jintao Zhang. Structural engineering of transition metal-based nanostructured electrocatalysts for efficient water splitting[J]. Front. Chem. Sci. Eng., 2018, 12(4): 838-854.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/10.1007/s11705-018-1746-3
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/Y2018/V12/I4/838

Fig.1 (a) The reaction mechanisms of HER in acid solution (Reproduced with permission from [¹]); (b) the OER mechanisms in acid solution (blue line) and alkaline solution (red color) (Reproduced with permission from [⁷])

Fig.2 (a) The mean particle size as a function of synthetic temperature; (b) OER polarization curves on RuO₂ electrodes with variable particle sizes in 0.1 mol?L⁻¹ HClO₄ solution (Reproduced with permission from [¹⁸]); (c) quasi stationary OER curves of bulk and nanoparticles of Ru, Ir, and Pt in 0.1 mol?L⁻¹ HClO₄ (Reproduced with permission from [¹⁹]); (d) the schematic diagram of transition metal oxide changed from particles into ultrasmall crystalline nanoparticles; (e) OER electrochemical tests for CoO and 2-cycle CoO, respectively (Reproduced with permission from [²⁰])

Fig.3 (a) The SEM images of CoMn hydroxide with Co/Mn molar ratio of 3:1; (b) the XRD patterns of CoMn carbonate hydroxides; (c) the OER and (d) HER polarization curves; (e) the XPS spectra and electron number of (f) 3d orbital of Cobalt carbonate hydroxide and CoMnCH (Reproduced with permission from [²⁴])

Fig.4 (a) SEM and (b) TEM images of Ni₃S₂; (c) HER performance and (d) two electrodes stability test in 1.0 mol·L⁻¹ KOH solution; (e) (DFT calculation of Ni₃S₂ (Reproduced with permission from [²⁹])

Fig.5 (a) The schematic illustration of microstructure; (b) SEM image and (c) TEM image of FeOOH-CeO₂ hybrid; (d) XPS spectra of Fe 2p of hybrid structure and (e) FeOOH and OER polarization curves; (f) the calculated absorption free energy of catalysts (Reproduced with permission from [³⁷]); (g) the SEM images of NiFe/NiCo₂O₄ hybrid and (h) OER performance (Reproduced with permission from [³⁸])

Fig.6 (A) Schematic diagram of the formation of hollow or multishelled hydroxide (brown arrow) and hollow multi compositional structure (yellow arrow); (B) the TEM images of hollow and (C) multishell structured hydroxide (Reproduced with permission from [⁴⁵]); (D) schematic illustration for the formation process of Ni-Co PBA cages and (E) the OER performance (Reproduced with permission from [⁴¹])

Fig.7 (A) The morphology evolution process of cobalt zinc hydroxide with different reaction times and (B) the mechanism of the hydroxide formation; (C) OER polarization curves in 0.1 mol·L⁻¹ KOH aqueous solution, and (D) the corresponding Tafel plot (Reproduced with permission from [⁴⁸])

Fig.8 (a) The schematic illustration of CNT-NiFe LDH; (b) The SEM image and (c) performance test in alkaline solution; (d) C k-edge XANES spectra of MWCNT and NiFe-LDH/CNT (Reproduced with permission from [⁶³])

Fig.9 (a, d) HER polarization curves of nickel-based catalysts in 1.0 mol·L⁻¹ KOH; (b) HRTEM image of Ni/NiO heterostructure; (c) structural schematic diagram of Ni/NiO-CNT, NiO-CNT, and Ni-CNT nanohybrid and corresponding element mapping; (e) STEM bright image of CNT free nickel plate and the reconstructed map; (f) HER performance of nickel nanoplate and hybrid in 1.0 mol·L⁻¹ KOH (Reproduced with permission from [⁶⁴])

Fig.10 (a) Schematic diagram for the solvothermal synthesis of MoS₂ with graphene and (b) the corresponding SEM and TEM images; (c) the HER curves and (d) corresponding Tafel plots. Reproduced with permission from [⁶⁶]

Fig.11 (a) SEM images of nickel cobalt nitride on nickel foam; (b) the OER polarization curves of transition metal nitrides and oxides in 1.0 mol·L⁻¹ KOH and (c) long-term stability of nickel cobalt nitride at the current density of 10 and 50 mA?cm^?² (Reproduced with permission from [⁴⁷]); (d) SEM images and (e) calculated density of states (DOS) of Co₄N nanowire; (f) the corresponding OER curves in 1.0 mol·L⁻¹ KOH solution. Reproduced with permission from [¹²]

Fig.12 (a) The schematic formation process of hollow nickel cobalt oxide; (b) the SEM images of hollow nickel cobalt oxide; (c) the OER polarization curves in 1.0 mol·L⁻¹ KOH solution (Reproduced with permission from [⁶⁸]); (d) the SEM images of CoP grown on Ti plate and (e) corresponding HER performance (Reproduced with permission from [⁶⁹]); (f) the schematic illustration of the formation process of Co₃O₄-C porous hybrid and (g) OER LSV test (Reproduced with permission from [⁷¹])

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