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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering

ISSN 2095-0179

ISSN 2095-0187(Online)

CN 11-5981/TQ

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Front. Chem. Sci. Eng.    2019, Vol. 13 Issue (2) : 340-349    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-019-1798-z
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Continuous flow removal of acid fuchsine by dielectric barrier discharge plasma water bed enhanced by activated carbon adsorption
Rusen Zhou1,2, Renwu Zhou1,2, Xianhui Zhang3, Kateryna Bazaka1,2, Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov1,2()
1. School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
2. CSIRO-QUT Joint Sustainable Processes and Devices Laboratory, CSIRO, Lindfield, NSW 2070, Australia
3. Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Institute of Electromagnetics and Acoustics, Department of Electronic Science, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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Abstract

Continuous processes which allow for large amount of wastewater to be treated to meet drainage standards while reducing treatment time and energy consumption are urgently needed. In this study, a dielectric barrier discharge plasma water bed system was designed and then coupled with granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption to rapidly remove acid fuchsine (AF) with high efficiency. Effects of feeding gases, treatment time and initial concentration of AF on removal efficiency were investigated. Results showed that compared to the N2 and air plasmas treatments, O2 plasma processing was most effective for AF degradation due to the strong oxidation ability of generated activated species, especially the OH radicals. The addition of GAC significantly enhanced the removal efficiency of AF in aqueous solution and shorten the required time by 50%. The effect was attributed to the ability of porous carbon to trap and concentrate the dye, increasing the time dye molecules were exposed to the plasma discharge zone, and to enhance the production of OH radicals on/in GAC to boost the degradation of dyes by plasma as well as in situ regenerate the exhausted GAC. The study offers a new opportunity for continuous effective remediation of wastewater contaminated with organic dyes using plasma technologies.
Keywords continuous removal      dye-containing wastewater      dielectric barrier discharge      plasma water bed      activated carbon adsorption     
Corresponding Author(s): Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov   
Online First Date: 03 April 2019    Issue Date: 22 May 2019
 Cite this article:   
Rusen Zhou,Renwu Zhou,Xianhui Zhang, et al. Continuous flow removal of acid fuchsine by dielectric barrier discharge plasma water bed enhanced by activated carbon adsorption[J]. Front. Chem. Sci. Eng., 2019, 13(2): 340-349.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/10.1007/s11705-019-1798-z
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/Y2019/V13/I2/340
Fig.1  Molecular structure of acid fuchsine
Fig.2  (a) Schematic of the experimental setup and a photograph of acid fuchsine solution treated by air plasma, and (b) HV circuit voltage and current curve with a power of 90 W, water flow 50 mL/min and air gas flow 5.0 SLM
ParametersRE /% d)
60 min75 min90 min
Power /W a)
8032.9241.7155.08
9071.3078.6485.12
10073.9379.7786.02
Water flow /(mL?min–1) b)
3059.0467.8876.33
5071.3078.6485.12
7049.0358.5165.65
Gas flow /SLM c)
4.064.0471.1678.36
5.071.3078.6485.12
6.073.6679.4885.45
Tab.1  Effects of different parameters on AF RE using air as processing gas
Fig.3  Typical emission spectra of the air plasma (power, 90 W; water flow rate, 50 mL/min and air flow rate, 5.0 SLM)
Time /minpH value
AirN2O2
05.105.105.10
154.123.814.32
303.723.443.61
453.563.123.29
603.403.043.25
753.263.023.26
903.113.023.25
1052.983.01
1202.943.01
1352.913.01
1502.863.02
1652.833.02
1802.853.01
1952.833.01
Tab.2  Change in pH value of AF solution treated by gas plasma
Fig.4  The color of AF solution (1 L, 100 mg/L) after being treated by the plasma bed with a power of 90 W, water flow of 50 mL/min and gas flow of 5.0 SLM (solution in each bottle was diluted by 20 times). The corresponding processing time of each bottle from left to right was increased by 15 min starting from 0 min (original AF solution)
Fig.5  Concentration of (a) OH radicals, (b) H2O2 and (c) NO3– and NO2– in aqueous solution treated by DBD plasma bed with different carrier gases (power, 90 W; water flow, 50 mL/min and gas flow, 5.0 SLM)
Fig.6  Effects of initial dye concentration on the removal of AF in O2 DBD plasma bed (a) without and (b) with activated carbon adsorption (GAC load, 1 g/L; power, 90 W; water flow, 50 mL/min and O2 flow, 5.0 SLM)
Plasma classificationDyeREY a) /(g?kWh–1)Ref.
Microwave plasma jetsMethylene blue5 mg/L, 50%; 100 mg/L, 50%0.30; 0.018[37]
DBDMethyl violetO2 only, 99.5%; He & O2, 96%0.83; 3.32[24]
Pulsed gas-liquid dischargeMethyl orange(without AC) 84%4.10[38]
(with AC) 92%4.50
Coaxial cylinder DBDYellow tartrazine(without TiO2) 11%0.10[39]
(with TiO2) 96%0.85
Coaxial cylinder DBDReactive black 5(without Fe2+), 74%0.79[40]
(with Fe2+), 83%0.89
Submersed glow dischargeAlizarin red S(without Fe2+), 14%0.08[41]
(with Fe2+), 100%0.55
DBD plasma bedAcid fuchsine(without AC) 20 min, 72.81%2.43This study
(with AC) 10 min, 45.36%; 20 min, 86.87%3.03; 2.90
Tab.3  Comparison of energy yield of plasma based technologies for dye degradation.
Fig.7  N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms of pristine and reused GAC
SampleSBET a)
/(m2?g–1)		Vtb)
/(cm3?g–1)		Vmicro c) /(cm3?g–1)Average pore d) /nmRE e) /% with plasma
10 min15 min20 min
Pristine GAC1035.270.4090.3321.3845.3666.3886.87
1st GAC1060.410.4190.3401.4046.1265.0184.66
2nd GAC1082.990.4800.3391.4642.3562.1882.21
3rd GAC1138.430.5060.3421.5138.7959.8879.01
Tab.4  Physical properties and assisted AF degradation efficacies of pristine and reused GAC
Fig.8  Mechanisms of plasma-derived reactive species generation and delivery and acid fuchsine dye degradation by plasma-generated effects
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