Magnetic-porous microspheres with synergistic catalytic activity of small-sized gold nanoparticles and titania matrix

doi:10.1007/s11705-019-1799-y

Front. Chem. Sci. Eng.

2019, Vol. 13

Issue (3) : 574-585 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-019-1799-y

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Magnetic-porous microspheres with synergistic catalytic activity of small-sized gold nanoparticles and titania matrix

Kadriye Özlem Hamaloğlu¹, Ebru Sağ², Çiğdem Kip¹, Erhan Şenlik¹, Berna Saraçoğlu Kaya², Ali Tuncel¹(

)

¹. Hacettepe University, Chemical Engineering Department, Ankara, Turkey
². Cumhuriyet University, Chemical Engineering Department, Sivas, Turkey

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Abstract

Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles immobilized on porous titania in micron-size range were decorated with small-sized gold nanoparticles and used as a plasmonic catalyst for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol. Monodisperse-porous magnetic titania microspheres were synthesized with bimodal pore-size distribution by the sol-gel templating method. Small-sized gold nanoparticles obtained by the Martin method were attached onto the aminated form of the magnetic titania microspheres. A significant enhancement in the catalytic activity was observed using the gold nanoparticle-decorated magnetic titania microspheres compared to gold nanoparticle-decorated magnetic silica microspheres because of the synergistic effect between small-sized gold nanoparticles and titania. The synergistic effect for gold nanoparticle-attached magnetic titania microspheres could be explained by surface plasmon resonance-induced transfer of hot electrons from gold nanoparticles to the conduction band of titania. Using the proposed catalyst, 4-nitrophenol could be converted to 4-aminophenol in an aqueous solution within 0.5 min. The 4-nitrophenol reduction rates were 2.5–79.3 times higher than those obtained with similar plasmonic catalysts. The selection of micron-size, magnetic, and porous titania microspheres as a support material for the immobilization of small-sized gold nanoparticles provided a recoverable plasmonic catalyst with high reduction ability.

Keywords small-sized gold nanoparticles magnetic titania microspheres sol-gel template synthesis plasmonic catalysis 4-nitrophenol

Corresponding Author(s): Ali Tuncel

Online First Date: 16 April 2019 Issue Date: 22 August 2019

Cite this article:

Kadriye Özlem Hamaloğlu,Ebru Sağ,Çiğdem Kip, et al. Magnetic-porous microspheres with synergistic catalytic activity of small-sized gold nanoparticles and titania matrix[J]. Front. Chem. Sci. Eng., 2019, 13(3): 574-585.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/10.1007/s11705-019-1799-y
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/Y2019/V13/I3/574

Fig.1 Synthesis of monodisperse porous (a) Mag-TiO₂ and(b) Mag-SiO₂ microspheres by a staged-shape template hydrolysis and condensation protocol

Fig.2 (a) SEM photographs of MAuNP@Mag-TiO₂ microspheres, (b) SEM photographs of MAuNP@Mag-SiO₂ microspheres. Magnification: 20000X and 200000X, Magnification in the SEM photos showing size distribution: 2000X, (c) EDX spectrum of MAuNP@Mag-TiO₂ microspheres, (d) EDX spectrum of MAuNP@Mag-SiO₂ microspheres

Fig.3 XRD patterns of (a) MAuNP@Mag-SiO₂ and (b) MAuNP@Mag-TiO₂ microspheres

Fig.4 UV-Vis spectra at different times during the plasmonic reduction of 4-NP with TAuNP@Mag-TiO₂ microspheres. Inset: Variation of 4-NP and 4-AP concentrations with the time. Calcination temperature: 450°C, AuNP loading: 5% w/w; catalyst amount: 1 mg, 4-NP concentration: 7.5 mg?L^?¹, 26.5 mL, temperature: 20°C

Fig.5 Variation of 4-NP concentration with time using TAuNP@Mag-TiO₂, MAuNP@Mag-TiO₂, and MAuNP@Mag-SiO₂ microspheres as plasmonic catalysts and reference materials (i.e., TiO₂, Mag-TiO₂, and Mag-SiO₂). Calcination temperature: 450°C; AuNP loading: 5% w/w; catalyst amount: 1 mg; 4-NP concentration: 7.5 mg?L^?¹, 26.5 mL; temperature: 20°C

Fig.6 Effect of the initial 4-NP concentration on the plasmonic reduction rate of 4-NP with (a) TAuNP@Mag-TiO₂ and (b) MAuNP@Mag-TiO₂ microspheres. Calcination temperature: 450°C; AuNP loading: 5% w/w; catalyst amount: 1 mg; temperature: 20°C

Tab.1 First-order apparent rate constants for 4-NP reduction by AuNP@Mag-TiO₂ microspheres as plasmonic catalyst for different initial concentrations of 4-NP ^a)

Fig.7 Effect of AuNP loading on the reduction rate of 4-NP with MAuNP@Mag-TiO₂ microspheres. Calcination temperature: 450°C; catalyst amount: 1 mg; 4-NP concentration: 7.5 mg?L^?¹, 26.5 mL; Temperature: 20°C

Fig.8 Effect of catalyst amount on the plasmonic reduction rate of 4-NP with MAuNP@Mag-TiO₂ microspheres. Calcination temperature: 450°C, AuNP loading: 5% w/w; 4-NP concentration: 7.5 mg?L^?¹, 26.5 mL, temperature: 20°C

Tab.2 First-order apparent rate constants for 4-NP reduction for different MAuNP@Mag-TiO₂concentrations^a)

Fig.9 Possible mechanisms for 4-NP reduction with (a) MAuNP@Mag-TiO₂ and (b) MAuNP@Mag-SiO₂ microspheres

Fig.10 Reusability of MAuNP@Mag-TiO₂ microspheres for plasmonic reduction of 4-NP. Calcination temperature: 450°C; AuNP loading: 5% w/w; catalyst amount: 1 mg; 4-NP concentration: 7.5 mg?L^?¹, 26.5 mL; temperature: 20°C.

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