Current understanding and applications of the cold sintering process

doi:10.1007/s11705-019-1832-1

Front. Chem. Sci. Eng.

2019, Vol. 13

Issue (4) : 654-664 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-019-1832-1

REVIEW ARTICLE

Current understanding and applications of the cold sintering process

Tong Yu¹, Jiang Cheng², Lu Li², Benshuang Sun³, Xujin Bao¹, Hongtao Zhang¹(

)

¹. Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
². Research Institute for New Materials Technology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
³. Henan Province Industrial Technology Research Institute of Resources and Materials, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China

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Abstract

In traditional ceramic processing techniques, high sintering temperature is necessary to achieve fully dense microstructures. But it can cause various problems including warpage, overfiring, element evaporation, and polymorphic transformation. To overcome these drawbacks, a novel processing technique called “cold sintering process (CSP)” has been explored by Randall et al. CSP enables densification of ceramics at ultra-low temperature (≤300°C) with the assistance of transient aqueous solution and applied pressure. In CSP, the processing conditions including aqueous solution, pressure, temperature, and sintering duration play critical roles in the densification and properties of ceramics, which will be reviewed. The review will also include the applications of CSP in solid-state rechargeable batteries. Finally, the perspectives about CSP is proposed.

Keywords cold sintering process processing variables solid-state rechargeable batteries

Corresponding Author(s): Hongtao Zhang

Just Accepted Date: 21 August 2019 Online First Date: 18 October 2019 Issue Date: 04 December 2019

Cite this article:

Tong Yu,Jiang Cheng,Lu Li, et al. Current understanding and applications of the cold sintering process[J]. Front. Chem. Sci. Eng., 2019, 13(4): 654-664.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/10.1007/s11705-019-1832-1
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/Y2019/V13/I4/654

Tab.1 Summary of CSP conditions and relative densities of ZnO samples by field assisted sintering technique (FAST)/spark plasma sintering (SPS) and hand pressing techniques. Reproduced from ref. [³⁶] with permission, copyright 2018 Elsevier.

Fig.7 (a) Plot of relative density vs. temperature of cold-sintered and dry-pressed Mg-doped NASICON specimens. Reproduced from ref. [⁴⁸] with permission, copyright 2018 Elsevier; (b) Electrical conductivity of ZnO sample after cold sintered and post-annealed at different temperatures in argon and air. Reproduced from ref. [⁵²] with permission, copyright 2018 Elsevier.

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