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Artificial neural network approach for analyzing mutual coupling in a rectangular MIMO antenna
K. SRI RAMA KRISHNA, K. JAGADEESH BABU, J. LAKSHMI NARAYANA, L. PRATAP REDDY, G. V. SUBRAHMANYAM
Front Elect Electr Eng. 2012, 7 (3): 293-298.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11460-012-0203-1
A wideband rectangular patch antenna resonating at 3.5 GHz and 8 GHz frequencies is developed on a flexible substrate, which can be used for wearable applications. The proposed antenna gives a wide impedance bandwidth of 116%, operating from 2.5 GHz to 9.5 GHz, covering most of the ultra-wideband (UWB) operating frequency range. A two-element multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system is developed using the proposed antenna, and the mutual coupling between the two antennas for various separations and frequencies is analyzed by using artificial neural networks (ANNs). The neural structure is trained by using different ANN algorithms and a comparative study is made between them. It is shown that, quasi-Newton (QN) and quasi-Newton multi layer perceptron (QN-MLP) algorithms are better in terms of training, testing errors, and correlation coefficient.
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Progress in research on ice accretions on overhead transmission lines and its influence on mechanical and insulating performance
Shaohua WANG, Xingliang JIANG
Front Elect Electr Eng. 2012, 7 (3): 326-336.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11460-012-0197-8
Atmospheric ice accretion on transmission lines is of great danger to the security of service of electrical power system. This paper reviews the progress in research dealing with the formation of ice accretions on transmission lines and the effects of ice on the mechanical and electrical performance of transmission lines. The results show that ice accretions on transmission lines can be categorized into five types: glaze, hard rime, soft rime, hoar frost, and snow and sleet. In all types of ice accretions, glaze grown in a wet regime is of the greatest danger to the transmission lines. Meteorological conditions, terrain and geographic conditions, and some other factors significantly influence the ice accumulation speed and the ice amount. Drastic decrease of mechanical property and electric property as a result of severe icing is the main reason for ice accidents. The amount of ice, the asymmetrical ice accretion, and the asynchronous ice shedding can considerably change the conductor strain, conductor sag, variation amount of the span, displacement of the insulator string, and the tension difference. The amount and type of ice, the uniformity of ice accumulation, and the conductivity of freezing water have significant influence on the flashover voltage of ice-covered insulators.
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