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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering

ISSN 2095-2201

ISSN 2095-221X(Online)

CN 10-1013/X

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Front Envir Sci Eng Chin    2009, Vol. 3 Issue (2) : 241-247    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-009-0023-6
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Relationships of nitrous oxide fluxes with water quality parameters in free water surface constructed wetlands
Juan WU1,2, Jian ZHANG1(), Wenlin JIA1, Huijun XIE3, Bo ZHANG1
1. College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China; 2. School of Resources & Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; 3. Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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Abstract

The effects of chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration in the influent on nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, together with the relationships between N2O and water quality parameters in free water surface constructed wetlands, were investigated with laboratory-scale systems. N2O emission and purification performance of wastewater were very strongly dependent on COD concentration in the influent, and the total N2O emission in the system with middle COD influent concentration was the least. The relationships between N2O and the chemical and physical water quality variables were studied by using principal component scores in multiple linear regression analysis to predict N2O flux. The multiple linear regression model against principal components indicated that different water parameters affected N2O flux with different COD concentrations in the influent, but nitrate nitrogen affected N2O flux in all systems.
Keywords free water surface constructed wetland      nitrous oxide emission      water quality parameter      principal component analysis      multiple linear regression     
Corresponding Author(s): ZHANG Jian,Email:zhangjian00@sdu.edu.cn   
Issue Date: 05 June 2009
 Cite this article:   
Juan WU,Jian ZHANG,Wenlin JIA, et al. Relationships of nitrous oxide fluxes with water quality parameters in free water surface constructed wetlands[J]. Front Envir Sci Eng Chin, 2009, 3(2): 241-247.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-009-0023-6
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2009/V3/I2/241
Fig.1  Profile of the treatment cell
compositionconcentration/(mg·L-1)a)
ABCDE
COD4.71±4.68123.11±19.79305.65±28.71612.33±59.981135.5±72.14
NH4+—Nb)25.27±5.2025.73±5.0826.74±5.7326.84±5.9424.50±3.63
NO3-—Nc)16.96±2.8117.64±2.8518.51±2.9718.00±2.4517.23±2.87
TNd)51.99±3.5355.14±2.1454.33±8.5950.65±4.2049.37±4.34
TPe)5.96±0.076.4±0.556.55±0.287.35±0.176.57±0.38
DOf)7.07±0.376.63±0.536.75±0.736.49±0.596.07±0.62
pH7.39±0.167.36±0.217.34±0.137.32±0.097.26±0.07
Tab.1  Table 1 Water qualities of synthetic wastewater supplied to constructed wetlands
Fig.2  Variation of nitrous oxide flux
proportionpercentage/%*
ABCDE
N2O–N/TN input0.47±0.031.32±0.050.31±0.050.55±0.053.09±0.27
N2O–N/TN removed1.44±0.052.23±0.070.48±0.040.97±0.084.84±0.31
Tab.2  Average emission of NO–N as percentages of input and removed TN in different constructed wetland systems
parameters
eigenvaluesproportion of variance/%cumulative variance proportion/%
low COD influent concentrationPC 1-L3.0337.8537.85
PC 2-L2.0125.1563.00
PC 3-L1.7521.8584.85
middle COD influent concentrationPC 1-M4.5757.1257.12
PC 2-M1.5018.7575.87
PC 3-M1.1514.4290.29
high COD influent concentrationPC 1-H3.7246.5546.55
PC 2-H1.4117.6364.18
PC 3-H1.1013.7477.92
all dataPC 1-all3.0438.0338.03
PC 2-all2.0826.0064.03
PC 3-all1.3917.3481.37
Tab.3  Descriptive statistics of selected principal components
parameters
CODNH+4—NNO-3—NNO-2—NTNTPDOpH
low COD influent concentrationPC 1-L0.2710.924-0.270-0.3850.0210.797-0.0140.920
PC 2-L-0.729-0.1170.792-0.5370.145-0.0680.815-0.208
PC 3-L0.272-0.0990.4120.6600.9690.5350.036-0.222
communalities0.6790.8770.8700.8720.9600.9260.6660.938
middle COD influent concentrationPC 1-M0.6740.490-0.173-0.933-0.0830.896-0.9030.993
PC 2-M0.5880.204-0.131-0.0780.9940.244-0.3100.048
PC 3-M-0.1350.7090.871-0.2810.0220.2990.111-0.004
communalities0.8180.7840.8060.9560.9950.9510.9250.988
high COD influent concentrationPC 1-H0.8130.0080.878-0.0420.5650.345-0.126-0.949
PC 2-H-0.415-0.0190.0360.680-0.397-0.8480.8830.189
PC 3-H-0.1300.9560.151-0.3690.0070.0530.1610.041
communalities0.8490.9150.7940.6000.4760.8400.8210.938
Tab.4  Principal components of the different water parameters of the NO flux data matrices from the systems with low, middle, and high influent concentration
parametersPC 1-allPC 2-allPC 3-allcommunalities
COD-0.207-0.9190.2200.937
NH+4—N-0.3060.1550.7720.713
NO-3—N0.8530.031-0.1290.746
NO-2—N0.8180.138-0.1650.716
TN0.946-0.0570.1880.934
TP0.353-0.2360.8320.873
DO0.5240.446-0.4470.674
pH-0.1290.9390.1410.918
Tab.5  Principal components of the different water parameters of the NO flux data matrices from all the systems
data setequationR2
low COD influent concentrationy=522.4-42.4 PC 2-L+?0.54
middle COD influent concentrationy=63.3-17.3 PC 1-M+8.2 PC 2-M-8.8PC 3-M+?0.95
high COD influent concentrationy=-574.1+14.4 PC 1-H+?0.57
all systemsy=-713.0+21.4 PC 1-all+37.4 PC 3-all+?0.48
Tab.6  Models derived from stepwise multiple regression of NO flux data versus derived principal components
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