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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering

ISSN 2095-2201

ISSN 2095-221X(Online)

CN 10-1013/X

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Front Envir Sci Eng    2012, Vol. 6 Issue (6) : 815-824    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-011-0383-6
RESEARCH ARTICLE
A two-dimensional numerical model for eutrophication in Baiyangdian Lake
Xudong WANG1, Shushen ZHANG2, Suling LIU2(), Jingwen CHEN2
1. Ocean Research Center of Zhoushan, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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Abstract

Hydrodynamic, physical, and biochemical processes in the Baiyangdian Lake water environment were analyzed comprehensively. An eutrophication eco-dynamics model including the effects of reed resistance on flow was coupled with the hydrodynamics governing equations. An improvement on the Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP, a modeling system introduced by the US Environmental Protection Agency) is established, which uses the zooplankton kinetic equation. The model simulates water quality constituents associated with eutrophication in the lake, including phytoplankton, zooplankton, nitrogen, phosphorus, dissolved oxygen, and others. Various kinetic coefficients were calibrated using measured data or information from relevant literature, to study eutrophication in the lake. The values calculated by the calibrated model agree well with field data, including ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and dissolved oxygen. Changes related to nutrition and dissolved oxygen during the processes were simulated. The present model describes the temporal variation of water quality in Baiyangdian Lake with reasonable accuracy. Deviations between model-simulated and observed values are discussed. As an ideal tool for environmental management of the lake, this model can be used to predict its water quality, and be used in research to examine the eutrophication process.
Keywords eutrophication      eco-dynamics      hydrodynamics      improved Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP) model      Baiyangdian Lake     
Corresponding Author(s): LIU Suling,Email:lslcndl@dlut.edu.cn   
Issue Date: 01 December 2012
 Cite this article:   
Xudong WANG,Shushen ZHANG,Suling LIU, et al. A two-dimensional numerical model for eutrophication in Baiyangdian Lake[J]. Front Envir Sci Eng, 2012, 6(6): 815-824.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-011-0383-6
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2012/V6/I6/815
Fig.1  Improved WASP model subsystems interaction
Fig.2  Monitoring sites at Baiyangdian
parameterdescriptionvaluedata source
k1cphytoplankton growth rate at 20°C, d-11.213calibration
k1Rphytoplankton endogenous respiration rate at 20°C, d-10.786calibration
k1Dphytoplankton death rate, d-10.08calibration
k1Ggrazing rate on phytoplankton per unit zooplankton population, L·(mg·d)-10.25Mao
GZmamaximum grazing rate of zooplankton at 20°C, d-10.87Arhonditsis G B
RZmaxmaximum death and respiration rate of zooplankton at 20°C, d-10.07Mao
k71dissolved organic nitrogen mineralization rate at 20°C, d-10.03WASP user’s manual (US EPA)
k12nitrification rate at 20°C, d-10.13WASP user’s manual (US EPA)
FNH3fraction of zooplankton basal metabolism excreted as ammonia0.25Arhonditsis G B
Zncnitrogen to carbon ratio for zooplankton0.2Arhonditsis G B
Zrefbasal metabolic rate for zooplankton, d-10.045Mao
k20denitrification rate at 20°C, d-10.2WASP user’s manual (US EPA)
FONfraction of zooplankton basal metabolism excreted as organic nitrogen0.1Arhonditsis G B
k83dissolved organic phosphorus mineralization at 20°C, d-10.021WASP user’s manual (US EPA)
Zpcphosphorus to carbon ratio for zooplankton,0.025Arhonditsis G B
FPO4fraction of zooplankton basal metabolism excreted as inorganic phosphorus0.2Arhonditsis G B
FOPfraction of zooplankton basal metabolism excreted as organic phosphorus0.4Arhonditsis G B
kDdeoxygenation rate at 20°C, d-10.04WASP user’s manual (US EPA)
KBODhalf saturation constant for oxygen limitation, mg·L-10.5WASP user’s manual (US EPA)
k2reaeration rate at 20°C, d-10.2WASP user’s manual (US EPA)
ZEXhalf saturation concentration of DO required for zooplankton respiration, mg·L-10.5Arhonditsis G B
Tab.1  Typical kinetic parameters in the eutrophication model
Fig.3  Spatial isoline distribution of ammonia, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and dissolved oxygen on May 8th
Fig.4  Spatial isoline distribution of ammonia, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and dissolved oxygen on August 10th
Fig.5  Comparison of NH—N (a), TN (b), TP (c), and DO (d) between computed and observed values, at No.4 monitoring site
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