Occurrence and removal of selected polycyclic musks in two sewage treatment plants in Xi’an, China

doi:10.1007/s11783-012-0471-2

Front Envir Sci Eng

2013, Vol. 7

Issue (2) : 166-172 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-012-0471-2

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Occurrence and removal of selected polycyclic musks in two sewage treatment plants in Xi’an, China

Yongxiang REN¹(

), Kai WEI¹, Hua LIU¹, Guoqiang SUI¹, Junping WANG¹, Yanjun SUN², Xiaohui ZHENG¹

1. Key Laboratory of Northwestern Water Resource and Environment Ecology (Ministry of Education), Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China; 2. Kaidi Northwest Rubber Co. Ltd., Xianyang 712023, China

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Abstract

Polycyclic musks are widely used for cosmetics and other personal care and household cleaning products. The occurrence and removal of two representative polycyclic musks, galaxolide (HHCB) and tonalide (AHTN) were investigated in three different processes of two sewage treatment plants (STPs) in Xi’an, China. The samples were preconcentrated by solid phase extraction procedure and analyzed using a gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) by a modified procedure. The HHCB was in the range of 82.8 to 182.5 ng·L^-1 in the influents and 22.6 to 103.9 ng·L^-1 in the effluents. The AHTN ranged from 11.0 to 19.3 ng·L^-1 in the influents and 2.2 to 8.8 ng·L^-1 in the effluents. The removal efficiency of the two musks varied in the ranges of 43.1%–70.4% for HHCB and 54.2%–84.4% for AHTN. Concentrations of the two musks in aqueous phase of three processes slightly increased along the primary process, and significantly removed during the biologic treatment processes, revealing that the selected musks could be remarkably removed in varied activated sludge processes. Advanced processes of activated sludge did not show a significant superiority on selected musk removal compared to the conventional process. The selected musk removal mainly resulted from the adsorption function of activated sludge. There was no significant change of HHCB/AHTN ratios along the treatment flow, indicating that each sewage treatment structure had a similar removal efficiency for the two musks.

Keywords polycyclic musk sewage tonalide (AHTN) galaxolide (HHCB) removal efficiency adsorption

Corresponding Author(s): REN Yongxiang,Email:ryx@xauat.edu.cn

Issue Date: 01 April 2013

Cite this article:

Yongxiang REN,Guoqiang SUI,Junping WANG, et al. Occurrence and removal of selected polycyclic musks in two sewage treatment plants in Xi’an, China[J]. Front Envir Sci Eng, 2013, 7(2): 166-172.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-012-0471-2
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2013/V7/I2/166

Fig.1 Characteristics of AHTN (a) and HHCB (b) [,,]

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of investigated STPs

Tab.1 Operation parameters of investigated STPs in Xi’an

Tab.2 Retention time and selected ions of polycyclic musks analyzed by GC/MS

Tab.3 LOQs and recovery of the polycyclic musks

Fig.3 Distribution of COD, , HHCB and AHTN along the flows of STP A and STP B. (a) STP A: COD and ; (b) STP A: HHCB and AHTN; (c) STP B-a: COD and ; (d) STP B-a: HHCB and AHTN; (e) STP B-b: COD and ; (f) STP B-b: HHCB and AHTN. Raw: raw sewage; AGC: aerated grit chamber; Pri: primary sedimentation tank; Ano: anoxic tank; Ana: anaerobic tank; Oxi: oxic tank; Sec: Secondary sedimentation tank

Tab.4 Removal efficiencies of HHCB and AHTN in two STPs in Xi’an/%

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