|
|
Effect of seawater salinity on the synthesis of zeolite from coal fly ash |
Yanqing YU1,2,3, Xiaoliang LI4, Xiaolan ZOU1,2, Xiaobin ZHU1,2() |
1. Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; 2. Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; 3. School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; 4. State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China |
|
|
Abstract A novel method for the synthesis of zeolite was developed in this paper. The synthesis was carried out by hydrothermal activation after alkali fusion and coal fly ash (CFA) was used as raw material with seawater of different salinities. Seawater salinity was varied from 32 to 88 for zeolite crystallization during the hydrothermal process. The results show that seawater salinity plays an important role in zeolite synthesis with CFA during hydrothermal treatment. The products were a mixture of NaX zeolite and hydroxysodalite; seawater salinity more strongly affected the crystallization than the type and chemical composition of the zeolites. The yield of CFA transformed into zeolite gradually rose with the increase in salinity, reaching a transformation rate of 48%–62% as the salinity increased from 32 to 88, respectively. The proposed method allows for the efficient disposal of by-products; therefore, the application of seawater in zeolite synthesis presents promising economic and ecological benefits.
|
Keywords
coal fly ash (CFA)
seawater salinity
zeolite synthesis
|
Corresponding Author(s):
ZHU Xiaobin,Email:zhu.xb@hotmail.com
|
Issue Date: 01 February 2014
|
|
1 |
Gross-Lorgouilloux M, Caullet P, Soulard M, Patarin J, Moleiro E, Saude I. Conversion of coal fly ashes into faujasite under soft temperature and pressure conditions. Mechanisms of crystallisation. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials , 2010, 131(1-3): 407–417 doi: 10.1016/j.micromeso.2010.01.022
|
2 |
Ahmaruzzaman M. A review on the utilization of fly ash. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science , 2010, 36(3): 327–363 doi: 10.1016/j.pecs.2009.11.003
|
3 |
Ojha K, Pradhan N C, Samanta A N. Zeolite from fly ash: synthesis and characterization. Bulletin of Materials Science , 2004, 27(6): 555–564 doi: 10.1007/BF02707285
|
4 |
Hall M L, Livingston W R. Fly ash quality, past, present and future, and the effect of ash on the development of novel products. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire) , 2002, 77(3): 234–239 doi: 10.1002/jctb.538
|
5 |
Koukouzas N K, Zeng R S, Perdikatsis V, Xu W D, Kakaras E K. Mineralogy and geochemistry of Greek and Chinese coal fly ash. Fuel , 2006, 85(16): 2301–2309 doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2006.02.019
|
6 |
Querol X, Moreno N, Umana J C, Alastuey A, Hernandez E, Lopez-Soler A, Plana F. Synthesis of zeolites from coal fly ash: an overview. International Journal of Coal Geology , 2002, 50(1-4): 413–423 doi: 10.1016/S0166-5162(02)00124-6
|
7 |
Sun Z, Li C J, Wu D Y. Removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution by adsorption onto zeolite synthesized from coal fly ash and its thermal regeneration. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire) , 2010, 85(6): 845–850 doi: 10.1002/jctb.2377
|
8 |
Wajima T, Shimizu T, Ikegami Y. Synthesis of zeolites from paper sludge ash and their ability to simultaneously remove NH43- and PO43-. Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part a-Toxic/Hazardous Substances & Environmental Engineering , 2007, 42(3): 345–350
|
9 |
Lee K M, Jo Y M. Synthesis of zeolite from waste fly ash for adsorption of CO2. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management , 2010, 12(3): 212–219 doi: 10.1007/s10163-010-0290-0
|
10 |
Srinivasan A, Grutzeck M W. The adsorption of SO2 by zeolites synthesized from fly ash. Environmental Science & Technology , 1999, 33(9): 1464–1469 doi: 10.1021/es9802091
|
11 |
Chang H L, Shih W H. Synthesis of zeolites A and X from fly ashes and their ion-exchange behavior with cobalt ions. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research , 2000, 39(11): 4185–4191 doi: 10.1021/ie990860s
|
12 |
Ojha K, Pradhan N C, Samanta A N. Kinetics of batch alkylation of phenol with tert-butyl alcohol over a catalyst synthesized from coal fly ash. Chemical Engineering Journal , 2005, 112(1-3): 109–115 doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2005.07.003
|
13 |
Corma A, Fornes V, Pergher S B, Maesen T L M, Buglass J G. Delaminated zeolite precursors as selective acidic catalysts. Nature , 1998, 396(6709): 353–356 doi: 10.1038/24592
|
14 |
Shih W H, Chang H L. Conversion of fly ash into zeolites for ion-exchange applications. Materials Letters , 1996, 28(4-6): 263–268 doi: 10.1016/0167-577X(96)00064-X
|
16 |
Querol X, Alastuey A, Fernandezturiel J L, Lopezsoler A. Synthesis of zeolites by alkaline activation of ferro-aluminous fly-ash. Fuel , 1995, 74(8): 1226–1231 doi: 10.1016/0016-2361(95)00044-6
|
17 |
Moreno N, Querol X, Plana F, Andres J M, Janssen M, Nugteren H. Pure zeolite synthesis from silica extracted from coal fly ashes. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire) , 2002, 77(3): 274–279 doi: 10.1002/jctb.578
|
18 |
Adamczyk Z, Bialecka B. Hydrothermal synthesis of zeolites from polish coal fly ash. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies , 2005, 14(6): 713–719
|
19 |
Wu D Y, Sui Y, Chen X C, He S B, Wang X, Kong H. Changes of mineralogical-chemical composition, cation exchange capacity, and phosphate immobilization capacity during the hydrothermal conversion process of coal fly ash into zeolite. Fuel , 2008, 87(10-11): 2194–2200 doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2007.10.028
|
20 |
Murayama N, Yamamoto H, Shibata J. Mechanism of zeolite synthesis from coal fly ash by alkali hydrothermal reaction. International Journal of Mineral Processing , 2002, 64(1): 1–17 doi: 10.1016/S0301-7516(01)00046-1
|
21 |
Shigemoto N, Sugiyama S, Hayashi H, Miyaura K. Characterization of Na-X, Na-A, and coal fly ash zeolites and their amorphous precursors by IR, MAS NMR and XPS. Journal of Materials Science , 1995, 30(22): 5777–5783 doi: 10.1007/BF00356720
|
22 |
Molina A, Poole C. A comparative study using two methods to produce zeolites from fly ash. Minerals Engineering , 2004, 17(2): 167–173 doi: 10.1016/j.mineng.2003.10.025
|
23 |
Shigemoto N, Hayashi H, Miyaura K. Selective formation of Na-X zeolite from coal fly ash by fusion with sodium hydroxide prior to hydrothermal reaction. Journal of Materials Science , 1993, 28(17): 4781–4786 doi: 10.1007/BF00414272
|
24 |
Murayama N, Yamamoto H, Shibata J. Zeolite synthesis from coal fly ash by hydrothermal reaction using various alkali sources. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire) , 2002, 77(3): 280–286 doi: 10.1002/jctb.604
|
25 |
Wajima T, Ishimoto H, Kuzawa K, Ito K, Tamada O, Gunter M E, Rakovan J F. Material conversion from paper-sludge ash in NaOH, KOH, and LiOH solutions. American Mineralogist , 2007, 92(7): 1105–1111 doi: 10.2138/am.2007.2251
|
26 |
Wang C F, Li J S, Wang L J, Sun X Y. Influence of NaOH concentrations on synthesis of pure-form zeolite A from fly ash using two-stage method. Journal of Hazardous Materials , 2008, 155(1-2): 58–64 doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.11.028 pmid:18166267
|
27 |
Yao Z T, Xia M S, Ye Y, Zhang L. Synthesis of zeolite Li-ABW from fly ash by fusion method. Journal of Hazardous Materials , 2009, 170(2-3): 639–644 doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.05.018 pmid:19493616
|
28 |
Miyaji F, Murakami T, Suyama Y. Formation of linde F zeolite by KOH treatment of coal fly ash. Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan , 2009, 117(1365): 619–622 doi: 10.2109/jcersj2.117.619
|
29 |
Vucinic D, Miljanovic I, Rosic A, Lazic P. Effect of Na2O/SiO2 mole ratio on the crystal type of zeolite synthesized from coal fly ash. Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society , 2003, 68(6): 471–478 doi: 10.2298/JSC0306471V
|
30 |
Gross-Lorgouilloux M, Soulard M, Caullet P, Patarin J, Moleiro E, Saude I. Conversion of coal fly ashes into faujasite under soft temperature and pressure conditions: influence of additional silica. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials , 2010, 127(1-2): 41–49 doi: 10.1016/j.micromeso.2009.06.026
|
31 |
Hui K S, Chao C Y H. Effects of step-change of synthesis temperature on synthesis of zeolite 4A from coal fly ash. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials , 2006, 88(1-3): 145–151 doi: 10.1016/j.micromeso.2005.09.005
|
32 |
Querol X, Alastuey A, López-Soler A, Plana F, Andrés J M, Juan R, Ferrer P, Ruiz C R. A fast method for recycling fly ash: microwave-assisted zeolite synthesis. Environmental Science & Technology , 1997, 31(9): 2527–2533 doi: 10.1021/es960937t
|
33 |
Tanaka H, Fujii A. Effect of stirring on the dissolution of coal fly ash and synthesis of pure-form Na-A and-X zeolites by two-step process. Advanced Powder Technology , 2009, 20(5): 473–479 doi: 10.1016/j.apt.2009.05.004
|
34 |
Belviso C, Cavalcante F, Fiore S. Synthesis of zeolite from Italian coal fly ash: differences in crystallization temperature using seawater instead of distilled water. Waste Management (New York, N.Y.) , 2010, 30(5): 839–847 doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2009.11.015 pmid:20034779
|
35 |
Chang H L, Shih W H. A general method for the conversion of fly ash into zeolites as ion exchangers for cesium. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research , 1998, 37(1): 71–78 doi: 10.1021/ie970362o
|
36 |
Cundy C S, Cox P A. The hydrothermal synthesis of zeolites: precursors, intermediates and reaction mechanism. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials , 2005, 82(1-2): 1–78 doi: 10.1016/j.micromeso.2005.02.016
|
37 |
Amrhein C, Haghnia G H, Kim T S, Mosher P A, Amanios T, DelaTorre L. Synthesis and properties of zeolites from coal fly ash. Environmental Science & Technology , 1996, 30(3): 735–742 doi: 10.1021/es940482c
|
|
Viewed |
|
|
|
Full text
|
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
|
|
Cited |
|
|
|
|
|
Shared |
|
|
|
|
|
Discussed |
|
|
|
|