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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering

ISSN 2095-2201

ISSN 2095-221X(Online)

CN 10-1013/X

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Front Envir Sci Eng    0, Vol. Issue () : 589-597    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-013-0495-2
RESEARCH ARTICLE
PCDD/Fs emission, risk characterization, and reduction in China’s secondary copper production industry
Haiqian LI1,2, Yonglong LU1(), Li LI1,2
1. State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; 2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
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Abstract

Secondary copper production is one of the key polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) emission sources in China, but research and data on this issue are rare. In 2004, when the Stockholm Convention entered into force in China, PCDD/Fs emissions from secondary copper production contributed to 32.2% of the total release. In this paper, PCDD/Fs emission dynamics from secondary copper industry were discussed and cumulative risks were characterized. From 2004 to 2009, industrial policies played an indirect role in PCDD/Fs reduction, but its effects are still limited. The Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and central regions were among the top three of dioxin emissions from secondary copper production in China. Shanghai, Shandong, Zhejiang, and Jiangxi had comparatively higher accumulated risk and were recommended as the priority regions for promoting PCDD/Fs emission control in China. From 2009 to 2015, the PCDD/Fs emission dynamics in the secondary copper industry were presented through simulation. PCDD/Fs emission equations were established, resulting in the recommendation of control technology conversion rate at 30% for small scale smelters and 51%–57% for large and medium-sized enterprises in 2015. In conclusion, both indirect policy and direct control technology retrofitting should be integrated for more effective PCDD/Fs emission reduction in secondary copper industry.
Keywords polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs)      secondary copper production      emission      risk      China     
Corresponding Author(s): LU Yonglong,Email:yllu@rcees.ac.cn   
Issue Date: 01 August 2013
 Cite this article:   
Haiqian LI,Yonglong LU,Li LI. PCDD/Fs emission, risk characterization, and reduction in China’s secondary copper production industry[J]. Front Envir Sci Eng, 0, (): 589-597.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-013-0495-2
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y0/V/I/589
Fig.1  Basic processes of secondary copper production in China
Fig.2  PCDD/Fs emission variation according to adjustment of industrial structure
Fig.3  PCDD/Fs emissions cumulative distribution from secondary copper production in China 2004-2009 (No data from Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan)
orderregional emission land load indexper capita emissions load indexmedian emission indexpopulation impact index
1ShanghaiJiangxiShanghaiShanghai
2TianjinZhejiangTianjinShandong
3ZhejiangShanghaiZhejiangZhejiang
4ShandongShandongJiangxiJiangxi
5JiangxiTianjinShandongAnhui
6AnhuiXizangAnhuiHenan
7JiangsuAnhuiJiangsuJiangsu
8HenanHenanHenanGuangdong
9GuangdongJiangsuGuangdongTianjin
10HubeiYunnanFujianHubei
Tab.1  PCDD/Fs emissions risk of the four indexes, ranked by region (2004-2009)
Fig.4  Population impact index accumulative value variation in 2004-2009 (No data from Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan)
Fig.5  PCDD/Fs emissions from secondary copper production in business as usual conditions (2009-2015)
-5%-2.5%0+ 2.5%+ 5%
K1, K2 = 55%,ΔY = RY-Y201550%, -11.152.5%, 24.4555%, 6057.5%, 95.7060%, 131.32
K2, K1 = 30%ΔY= RY-Y201525%, -153.6827.5%, -46.830%, 6032.5%, 166.9435%, 273.82
Tab.2  Sensitivity analysis results of the recommended portfolio ( = 30%, = 55%, = 5%)
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