Size-resolved aerosol ionic composition and secondary formation at Mount Heng in South Central China

doi:10.1007/s11783-013-0503-6

Front Envir Sci Eng

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Issue () : 815-826 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-013-0503-6

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Size-resolved aerosol ionic composition and secondary formation at Mount Heng in South Central China

Xinfeng WANG¹, Wenxing WANG¹(

), Likun XUE², Xiaomei GAO¹, Wei NIE¹, Yangchun YU¹, Yang ZHOU¹, Lingxiao YANG¹, Qingzhu ZHANG¹, Tao WANG²

1. Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China; 2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China

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Abstract

To understand the size-resolved aerosol ionic composition and the factors influencing secondary aerosol formation in the upper boundary layer in South Central China, size-segregated aerosol samples were collected using a micro-orifice uniform deposit impactor (MOUDI) in spring 2009 at the summit of Mount Heng (1269 m asl), followed by subsequent laboratory analyses of 13 inorganic and organic water-soluble ions. During non-dust-storm periods, the average PM_1.8 concentration was 41.8 μg·m^-3, contributing to 55% of the PM₁₀. Sulfates, nitrates, and ammonium, the dominant ions in the fine particles, amounted to 46.8% of the PM_1.8. Compared with Mount Tai in the North China Plain, the concentrations of both fine and coarse particles and the ions contained therein were substantially lower. When the air masses from Southeast Asia prevailed, intensive biomass burning there led to elevated concentrations of sulfates, nitrates, ammonium, potassium, and chloride in the fine particles at Mount Heng. The air masses originating from the north Gobi brought heavy dust storms that resulted in the remarkable production of sulfates, ammonium, methane sulfonic acid, and oxalates in the coarse particles. Generally, the sulfates were primarily produced in the form of (NH₄)₂SO₄ in the droplet mode via heterogeneous aqueous reactions. Only approximately one-third of the nitrates were distributed in the fine mode, and high humidity facilitated the secondary formation of fine nitrates. The heterogeneous formation of coarse nitrates and ammonium on dry alkaline dust surfaces was found to be less efficient than that on the coarse particles during non-dust-storm periods.

Keywords aerosol water-soluble ions size distributions secondary formation dust storm Mount Heng

Corresponding Author(s): WANG Wenxing,Email:wenxwang@hotmail.com

Issue Date: 01 December 2013

Cite this article:

Xinfeng WANG,Wenxing WANG,Likun XUE, et al. Size-resolved aerosol ionic composition and secondary formation at Mount Heng in South Central China[J]. Front Envir Sci Eng, 0, (): 815-826.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-013-0503-6
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y0/V/I/815

Fig.1 Map showing the location of the measurement site, the mean five-day backward trajectory clusters, and the Asia emission inventory of PM in 2006 []

Fig.2 Time series of size-resolved aerosol mass concentrations in PM and the corresponding temperature, relative humidity and air mass category in spring at Mount Heng

Tab.1 Mean aerosol and ion mass concentrations in PM and PM and the PM/PM ratios for the NDS and DS days in spring 2009 at Mount Heng and in spring 2007 at Mount Tai (μg·m)

Tab.2 Mean concentrations of SO, NO and O together with the mean ambient temperature and relative humidity for five types of air masses

Fig.3 Mean mass size distributions of aerosols and inorganic and organic water-soluble ions under five types of air masses in spring at Mount Heng: (a) PM; (b) ; (c) ; (d) ; (e) Cl; (f) Na; (g) K; (h) Ca; (i) Mg; (j) F; (k) ; (l) ; (m) ; (n)

Fig.4 Linear regression curves of (a) ammonium vs. sulfate (molar concentration) and (b) sulfate vs. particulate matter (mass concentration) in size bins in the fine mode

Fig.5 Linear regression curves of (a) sulfate vs. particulate matter and (b) ammonium vs. particulate matter in size bins in the coarse mode and (c) the molar ratio of ammonium to sulfate in different size bins for the DS and NDS periods

Fig.6 Linear regression curves of nitrate vs. particulate matter in size bins in the coarse mode for the DS and NDS periods

Fig.7 Linear regression curves of (a) nitrate vs. sodium and (b) chloride vs. sodium in size bins in the coarse mode during the non-dust-storm periods

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