Effects of shear force on formation and properties of anoxic granular sludge in SBR

doi:10.1007/s11783-013-0539-7

Front Envir Sci Eng

2013, Vol. 7

Issue (6) : 896-905 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-013-0539-7

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Effects of shear force on formation and properties of anoxic granular sludge in SBR

Xinyan ZHANG¹(

), Binbin WANG¹, Qingqing HAN², Hongmei ZHAO³, Dangcong PENG¹

1. School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China; 2. Sinosteel Wuhan Safety & Environmental Protection Research Institute, Wuhan 430081, China; 3. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710056, China

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Abstract

This paper reports the effects of shear force on anoxic granular sludge in sequencing batch reactors (SBR). The study was carried out in two SBRs (SBR1 and SBR2) in which sodium acetate (200 mg COD·L^-1) was used as the sole substrate and sodium nitrate (40 mgNO₃-N·L^-1) was employed as the electron acceptor. The preliminary objective of this study was to cultivate anoxic granules in the SBR in order to investigate the effects of shear force on the formation of anoxic granular sludge and to compare the properties of anoxic sludge in the SBR. This study reports new results for the values of average velocity gradient, a measure of the applied shear force, which was varied in the two SBRs (3.79 s^-1 and 9.76 s^-1 for SBR1 and SBR2 respectively). The important findings of this research highlight the dual effects of shear force on anoxic granules. A low shear force can produce large anoxic granules with high activity and poor settling ability, whereas higher shear forces produce smaller granules with better settling ability and lower activity. The results of this study show that the anoxic granulation is closely related to the strength of the shear force. For high shear force, this research demonstrated that: 1) granules with smaller diameters, high density and good settling ability were formed in the reactor, and 2) granular sludge formed faster than it did in the low shear force reactor (41days versus 76 days). Once a steady-state has been achieved, the nitrate and COD removal rates were found to be 98% and 80%, respectively. For low shear force, such as was applied in SBR1, this research demonstrated that: 1) the activity of anoxic granular sludge in low shear force was higher than that in high shear force, 2) higher amount of soluble microbial products (SMPs) were produced, and 3) large pores were observed inside the larger granules, which are beneficial for nitrogen gas diffusion. Electron microscopic examination of the anoxic granules in both reactors showed that the morphology of the granules was ellipsoidal with a clear outline. Coccus and rod-shaped bacteria were wrapped by filamentous bacteria on the surface of granule.

Keywords denitrification anoxic granular sludge sequencing batch reactors (SBR) shear force

Corresponding Author(s): ZHANG Xinyan,Email:zhangxinyan126@163.com; dcpeng@xauat.edu.cn

Issue Date: 01 December 2013

Cite this article:

Qingqing HAN,Hongmei ZHAO,Dangcong PENG, et al. Effects of shear force on formation and properties of anoxic granular sludge in SBR[J]. Front Envir Sci Eng, 2013, 7(6): 896-905.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-013-0539-7
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2013/V7/I6/896

Fig.1 Photographs of the sludge in the SBR on different days after inoculation; (a) day41 (SBR2); (b) day76 (SBR2); (c) day101 (SBR2); (d) mature sludge (SBR2); (e) day 76 (SBR1); (f)day 83 (SBR1); (g) day 121 (SBR1); (h) mature sludge (SBR1)

Fig.2 Evolution of parameters during the formation process of anoxic granules: (a) SS; (b) VSS/SS; (c) average diameter (d) SVI

Fig.3 Diameter distribution of granules in stable stage from two reactors (a) SBR1, (b) SBR2

Tab.1 Physical parameters of granules in stable stage from two reactors with different shear forces

Fig.4 (a) Specific maximum denitrification rates of granules; (b) Specific maximum denitrification rates of granules and flocullent sludge

Fig.5 Change of DOC and SMP concentration in steady-state cycle: (a) SBR1; (b) SBR2

Fig.6 SEM of granular sludge: (a) surface of granule; (b) surface of granule in SBR1; (c) surface of granule in SBR2; (d) inner structure of granule in SBR1; (e) inner structure of granule in SBR2

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