Investigation on sampling artifacts of particle associated PAHs using ozone denuder systems

doi:10.1007/s11783-013-0555-7

Front Envir Sci Eng

2014, Vol. 8

Issue (2) : 284-292 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-013-0555-7

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Investigation on sampling artifacts of particle associated PAHs using ozone denuder systems

Kai LIU, Fengkui DUAN(

), Kebin HE(

), Yongliang MA, Yuan CHENG

State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

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Abstract

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are complex organic compounds which are identified as significant carcinogenic to human health. PAHs (mainly in particle phase) are susceptible to atmospheric oxidant gases, especially ozone, nitrogen oxides (NO_x), hydroxyl radical (OH), and could be degraded on filters during sampling process, leading to an underestimation of ambient PAH concentrations. The goal of this work was to investigate particle associated PAHs sampling artifacts caused by ozone in summer of Beijing. Comparative sampling systems were operated simultaneously during the whole campaign, one with activated carbon ozone denuder, the other being set as conventional sampling system. Activated carbon denuder was testified to be highly efficient to eliminate ozone from air stream. In general, nine particle-bound PAHs observed from conventional sampler were all lower than those from ozone denuder system. The total PAHs (particle phase) concentration was averagely underestimated by 35.9% in conventional sampling procedure. Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) had the highest percentage of mass loss. Ambient temperature was founded to have influences on PAHs sampling artifacts. High temperature can increase loss of particle associated PAHs during sampling.

Keywords particle associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) ozone denuder sampling artifacts

Corresponding Author(s): DUAN Fengkui,Email:duanfk@tsinghua.edu.cn; HE Kebin,Email:hekb@tsinghua.edu.cn

Issue Date: 01 April 2014

Cite this article:

Kai LIU,Fengkui DUAN,Kebin HE, et al. Investigation on sampling artifacts of particle associated PAHs using ozone denuder systems[J]. Front Envir Sci Eng, 2014, 8(2): 284-292.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-013-0555-7
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2014/V8/I2/284

Fig.1 Configuration of the SASS sampler: (a) Channel 1; (b) Channel 2; (c) Channel 3. In the summer of 2010, Beijing, three of the five channels were operated. See text for details
Notes:
a) DQ: the quartz filter behind ozone denuder (in Channel 1)
b) D-QBQ: the quartz filter behind DQ (in Channel 1)
c) BQ: bare quartz filter, means the first quartz filter in Channel 2
d) QBQ: the quartz filter behind BQ (in Channel 2)
e) Q: the quartz filter in front of ozone denuder (in Channel 3)
f) QD-Q: the quartz filter behind ozone denuder (in Channel 3)
g) QD-QBQ: the quartz filter behind QD-Q (in Channel 3)

Tab.1 Recoveries (%) and method detection limit (ng·L) of nine PAHs

Fig.2 Ozone denuder efficiency and PAH concentration of the front (QD-Q) and backup (QD-QBQ) filters in Channel 3, and backup (D-QBQ) filters in Channel 1. Dash line indicates the average PAHs value of blanks ( = 8)

Fig.3 Fraction of nine kinds of particle associated PAHs mass concentration at Beijing during the whole sampling period

Fig.4 Mass concentrations (ng·m) of nine particle associated PAHs in Beijing during the whole sampling period

Fig.5 Diagnostic ratio of particulate PAHs (BQ+ QBQ, DQ+ D-QDQ) with error bars show one standard deviation of 26 samples obtained from conventional sampler and ozone denuder system for source appointment in Beijing during the whole sampling period

Fig.6 Set of raw data of PAHs mass concentrations (obtained from ozone denuder system (PAH), conventional sampler (PAH))

Fig.7 Mass concentrations percentage of PAHs (BQ+ QBQ, DQ+ QDQ) with different number of benzene ring in Beijing during sampling period: (a) the result of conventional sampler; (b) the result of ozone denuder system)

Fig.8 (D-QBQ/QBQ) for individual PAHs compounds. Error bars show one standard deviation of 26 samples. The PAHs compounds are arranged by molecular weight (PYR 202; Ba A and CHR 228; BbF, BkF, BaP, BghiP, IcdP, DahA were not detected on backup filters during the whole sampling period)

Tab.2 Quantified particle phase loss ratio of the nine particulate PAHs during sampling

Fig.9 Relationship between and ozone concentration ( = 26)

Fig.10 Scatter plots of of 4-ring PAHs of front filters (DQ/BQ) against ozone concentration and temperature

Fig.11 Scatter plots of of 5-ring and 6-ring PAHs of front filters (DQ/BQ) against ozone concentration and temperature

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