Assessing the potential of crop residue recycling in China and technology options based on a bottom-up model

doi:10.1007/s11783-013-0604-2

Front.Environ.Sci.Eng.

2014, Vol. 8

Issue (4) : 570-579 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-013-0604-2

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Assessing the potential of crop residue recycling in China and technology options based on a bottom-up model

Lili QU,Tianzhu ZHANG(

),Wei LU

Institute of Environmental Management and Policy, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

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Abstract

Crop residues are an important biomass, and are significant in the sustainable development of China. This paper uses the Grey-Markov modeling approach, the cost-benefit analysis method, and the constraint optimization method to establish the potential of crop residue recycling in China (CRRC) using a bottom-up analysis. Taking 2010 as the baseline year, the CRRC model is used to determine the quantity trends of crop residue resources, simulating the recycling potential and selecting key crop residue recycling technologies for operation between 2010 and 2030. The results illustrate that the total residue output from different crops will gradually increase to 1062 million tons in 2030. The proportion of crop residue for field burning is expected to decrease as a result of guidance and support from the government. Market mechanisms are also improving the development of the crop residue recycling industry. The economic benefit of crop residue recycling is expected to be worth 132 billion CNY in 2030 according to technology structure options. Key crop residue recycling technologies preferred such as liquefaction, amination, silo, co-firing straw power and composting will account for more than 85% of the total benefits.

Keywords China crop residue recycling potential technology options

Corresponding Author(s): Tianzhu ZHANG

Issue Date: 11 June 2014

Cite this article:

Lili QU,Tianzhu ZHANG,Wei LU. Assessing the potential of crop residue recycling in China and technology options based on a bottom-up model[J]. Front.Environ.Sci.Eng., 2014, 8(4): 570-579.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-013-0604-2
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2014/V8/I4/570

Fig.1 Structure of CRRC model

alternative uses	technologies	average benefit	average cost	products price	crop residues price	transform index
power generation	straw pure combustion power generation (SPCP) [13]	0.082 CNY·kg^-1	0.518 CNY·kWh^-1	0.350 CNY·kWh^-1	0.30 CNY·kg^-1	1.00 kWh·kg^-1
	co-firing straw power generation (CSP) [13]	0.151 CNY·kg^-1	0.121 CNY·kWh^-1	0.350 CNY·kWh^-1	0.32 CNY·kg^-1	0.66 kWh·kg^-1
	straw gasification power generation (SGP)	0.043 CNY·kg^-1	0.522 CNY·kWh^-1	0.350 CNY·kWh^-1	0.30 CNY·kg^-1	0.56 kWh·kg^-1
	biogas power generation (BP)	0.010 CNY·kg^-1	–	–	–	0.38 kWh·kg^-1
heat generation	stove combustion heat generation (SCH)	0.003 CNY·kg^-1	0.017 CNY·kg^-1	0.020 CNY·kg^-1	–
	boiler combustion heat generation (BCH)	0.008 CNY·kg^-1	0.222 CNY·m^-3	0.300 CNY·m^-3	–	1.00 m³·kg^-1
	straw gasification heat generation (SGH)	0.039 CNY·kg^-1	0.234 CNY·m^-3	0.200–0.300 CNY·m^-3	0.20 CNY·kg^-1	2.39 m³·kg^-1
	biogas heat generation (BH)	0.098 CNY·kg^-1	0.237 CNY·m^-3	0.600 CNY·m^-3	–	0.27 m³·kg^-1
	solidifications	0.150 CNY·kg^-1	0.190–0.220 CNY·kg^-1	0.270–0.300 CNY·kg^-1	0.18–0.25 CNY·kg^-1
	liquefaction	1.855 CNY·kg^-1	4.100–4.500 CNY·kg^-1	4.780 CNY·kg^-1	0.15 CNY·kg^-1	0.15 kg·kg^-1
manure production	mechanization returning to field (MDRF)	0.003 CNY·kg^-1	0.010 CNY·kg^-1	0.013 CNY·kg^-1	–
	overlay planting returning to field (OPRF)	0.046 CNY·kg^-1	0.017 CNY·kg^-1	0.063 CNY·kg^-1	–
	composting returning to field (CRF)	0.184 CNY·kg^-1	0.023 CNY·kg^-1	0.207 CNY·kg^-1	–
	manure digested by livestock and ashes (MDLA)	0.150 CNY·kg^-1	0.015 CNY·kg^-1	0.165 CNY·kg^-1	–
forage production	silo	0.048 CNY·kg^-1	0.022 CNY·kg^-1	0.070 CNY·kg^-1	0.04 CNY·kg^-1
	amination	0.118 CNY·kg^-1	0.282 CNY·kg^-1	0.400 CNY·kg^-1	0.02 CNY·kg^-1
	microbial straw silage (MSS)	0.050 CNY·kg^-1	0.160 CNY·kg^-1	0.210 CNY·kg^-1	0.04 CNY·kg^-1
industrialraw material (IRM)production	straw pulp (SP) [17,21]	0.800 CNY·kg^-1	2.700 CNY·kg^-1	3.500 CNY·kg^-1	0.40 CNY·kg^-1
	cultivation of edible mushrooms with straw (SCM)	0.500–0.600 CNY·kg^-1
	straw knitting (SK)	0.300–0.400 CNY·kg^-1

Tab.1 Costs and benefits of different technologies in China in 2010 [12]

Fig.2 Straw and food outputs in China and simulation for different purposes: straw and food outputs from 1949 to 2030 in China (a) and simulation of crop residues utilization for different purposes (b)

Tab.2 Net benefits of crop residues used in different methods (billion CNY)

Fig.3 Simulation and net benefits of crop residues recycled by different technologies: (a) simulation in 2020, (b) simulation in 2030, (c) net benefits in 2020, (d) net benefits in 2030

Fig.4 Sensitivity of net benefits for different technologies to economic costs: (a) 2020, (b) 2030

Notes: Dark gray parts show the changes of the net benefits for different technologies when the average cost per unit crop residues decreases by 10%; Light gray parts show the changes of the net benefits for different technologies when the average cost per unit crop residues increases by 10%

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