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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering

ISSN 2095-2201

ISSN 2095-221X(Online)

CN 10-1013/X

Postal Subscription Code 80-973

2018 Impact Factor: 3.883

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Front.Environ.Sci.Eng.    2014, Vol. 8 Issue (5) : 650-658    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-013-0605-1
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Charge and separation characteristics of nanofiltration membrane embracing dissociated functional groups
Zhun MA1,2,Meng WANG1,Xueli GAO1,Congjie GAO1,*()
1. Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
2. Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Abstract

The current work focused on the investigation of charge and separation characteristics of nanofiltration (NF) membrane embracing dissociated functional groups under different electrolyte solutions. The electro-kinetic method was carried out to assess the membrane volume charge density (X) with different salt concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10 mol·m-3 and different electrolyte species, such as type 1–1, type 2–1 and type 3–1. The Donnan steric pore model-dielectric exclusion (DSPM-DE) model was employed to evaluate the separation characteristics of the NF membrane for wide range of electrolyte concentration (from 25.7 to 598.9 mol·m-3). The results indicated that the dissociation of the hydrophilic functional groups and the specific adsorption contributed to charge formation on membrane surface. The former played a dominant role in type 1–1 and type 2–1 electrolytes at dilute aqueous solutions (0.1–0.5 mol·m-3). However, for type 3–1 electrolyte, specific adsorption should contribute to the charge effect to a large extent. Moreover, the correlation between the volume charge density and feed concentration was in accordance with Freundlich isotherm. Furthermore, it was found that the separation characteristic of NF membrane could be evaluated well by DSPM-DE model coupling with electro-kinetic method in a whole concentration range.
Keywords Sulfonated polyethersulfone nanofiltration membrane      charge characteristics      electro-kinetic method      volume charge density      separation behavior     
Corresponding Author(s): Congjie GAO   
Issue Date: 20 June 2014
 Cite this article:   
Zhun MA,Meng WANG,Xueli GAO, et al. Charge and separation characteristics of nanofiltration membrane embracing dissociated functional groups[J]. Front.Environ.Sci.Eng., 2014, 8(5): 650-658.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-013-0605-1
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2014/V8/I5/650
equationexpressionNo.
Extended Nernst-Planck equationji=-Di,pdcidx-ziciDi,pRTFdψdx+Ki,cciJv(4)
Concentration and potential gradients through the membranedcdx=JvKi,dDi,∞[Ki,cci-ci(δ+)]-ziciRTFdψdx(5)
dψdx=∑i=1nziJvKi,dDi,∞[Ki,cci-ci(δ+)]FRT∑i=1n(zi2ci) in which: Di,p=Ki,dDi,∞, ji=Jvci(δ+)(6)
Steric hindrance factorsKi,d=1.0-2.30λi+1.154λi2+0.224λi3,Ki,c=1.0+0.054λi-0.988λi2+0.441λi3,(7)
λi=rirp(8)
Boundary conditionsAt x=0c2(0)=c2(0+)x=δc2(δ)=c2(δ-)(9)
Partitioning at membrane/external solution interfaceci(0+)ci(0-)=ϕiexp?(-ziΔψD0)exp?(-zi2ΔW0)(10a)
ci(δ+)ci(δ-)=ϕiexp?(-ziΔψDδ)exp?(-zi2ΔWδ)(10b)
ΔW0=rB{κ-1(0-)-κ-1(0+)-1rPln?[1-γexp?(-2rPκ-1(0+))]}(11a)
ΔWδ=rB{κ-1(δ+)-κ-1(δ-)-1rPln?[1-γexp?(-2rPκ-1(δ-))]}(11b)
rB=F28πϵPRTNA,γ=1-ϵM/ϵP1+ϵM/ϵP,κ-1(0-)=1FϵSRT2I(0-),κ-1(0+)=1FϵPRT2I(0+); I(0-)=12∑i=1nzi2ci(0-), ϵp=80-2(80-ϵ?)(drp)+(80-ϵ?)(drp)2(12)
Steric partitioningϕi=(1-λi)2(13)
The electroneutrality condition inside the solution and the pore∑i=1nziCi=0∑i=1nzicim=-X(14)
Tab.1  Summary of the main equations used for DSPM-DE model [23-25]
Fig.1  Schematic representation of tangential streaming potential measurement system (1) temperature meter; (2) conductivity meter; (3) pH meter; (4) Ag/AgCl electrode; (5) streaming potential measurement cell; (6) NF membrane; (7) waste container
Fig.2  The zeta potential of NTR-7450 nanofiltration membrane in the different system
Fig.3  The volume charge density of NTR-7450 nanofiltration membrane in the different systems
Fig.4  Ln–Ln plot of the membrane volume charge density vs. electrolyte concentration for the NTR-7450 nanofiltration membrane in different systems
electrolyte solutionabR
NaCl0.7961.2980.945
MgCl20.6440.5010.950
LaCl32.1901.1020.965
Tab.2  Parameters of Freundlich adsorption isotherms in electrolyte solutions for the NTR-7450 nanofiltration membrane
Fig.5  Plot of Ln | X | vs. Ln | C | in the case of NaCl salt solution: 1 evaluated from the Electrokinetic method; 2 determined from the DSPM-DE model by the retention data
Fig.6  Retention of NaCl salt solution as a function of feed solution concentration in NTR-7450 nanofiltration membrane
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