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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering

ISSN 2095-2201

ISSN 2095-221X(Online)

CN 10-1013/X

Postal Subscription Code 80-973

2018 Impact Factor: 3.883

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.    2015, Vol. 9 Issue (2) : 190-196    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-014-0628-2
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Preparation, characterization of sludge adsorbent and investigations on its removal of hydrogen sulfide under room temperature
Fen LI1,2,*(),Tao LEI2,Yanping ZHANG3,Jinzhi WEI2,Ying YANG2
1. State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
2. Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Technology of College of Heilongjiang Province, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China
3. School of Civil Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
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Abstract

To recycle the sludge resource from sewage treatment plants and solve the problem of odor pollution, the sludge was converted into an adsorbent by carbonized pyrolysis and the process was optimized by orthogonal experiments. The capability for odor removal as well as the structure of the adsorbent was studied with H2S as a target pollutant. The results indicate that the main factor affecting the deodorization performance of the adsorbent is the activating time. The sludge adsorbent sample SAC1 prepared under optimum conditions exhibits the best deodorization performance with a H2S breakthrough time of 58 min and an iodine value nearly that of the coal activated carbon. The breakthrough time of H2S is much longer than that on the coal activated carbon. On the other hand, characterization results from X-ray diffractometer (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques show that SAC1 is composed of mainly graphite carbon with lower oxygen content on the surface. The bulk of SAC1 exhibits a honeycomb structure with well developed porosity and a high specific surface area of 120.47 m2·g-1, with the average pore diameter being about 5 nm. Such a structure is in favor of H2S adsorption. Moreover, SAC1 is detected to contain various metal elements such as Zn, Fe, Mg, etc., leading to a superior deodorization property to that of coal activated carbon.

Keywords orthogonal experiment      sludge adsorbent      hydrogen sulfide     
Corresponding Author(s): Fen LI   
Issue Date: 13 February 2015
 Cite this article:   
Ying YANG,Fen LI,Tao LEI, et al. Preparation, characterization of sludge adsorbent and investigations on its removal of hydrogen sulfide under room temperature[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2015, 9(2): 190-196.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-014-0628-2
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2015/V9/I2/190
factor level
1 2 3
A activator concentration/(mol·L-1) 4 5 6
B activating temperature/°C 500 550 600
C mass ratio of dry sludge/ZnCl2 1:2 2:1 1:1
D activating time/h 1.5 2.0 2.5
Tab.1  Factors and levels of orthogonal experiment
project content project content
C/% 34.62 Al/(mg·g-1) 18.70
H/% 4.831 K/(mg·g-1) 6.41
N/% 6.56 Ca/(mg·g-1) 15.84
S/% 0.556 Cr/(mg·g-1) 0.0769
ash content/% 44.74 Fe/(mg·g-1) 33.58
Na/(mg·g-1) 1.16 Cu/(mg·g-1) 0.1098
Mg/(mg·g-1) 4.69 Zn/(mg·g-1) 0.587
Tab.2  Chemical compositions of the dried sludge
experiment number A B C D breakthrough time/min
1 1 1 1 2 58
2 2 1 2 3 28
3 3 1 3 1 41
4 1 2 2 1 47
5 2 2 3 2 38
6 3 2 1 3 30
7 1 3 3 3 37
8 2 3 1 1 43
9 3 3 2 2 46
K1 142 127 131 131
K2 109 115 121 142
K3 117 126 116 95
k1 47.3 42.3 43.7 43.7
k2 36.3 38.3 40.3 47.3
k3 39.0 42.0 38.7 31.7
R 11.0 4.0 5.0 15.6
prioritize the elements by importance activating time, activator concentration, mass ratio of dry sludge/ZnCl2, activating temperature
optimum conditions activating time 2.0 h, activator concentration 4 mol·L-1, mass ratio of dry sludge/ZnCl2 1:2, activating temperature 500°C
Tab.3  Results and data processing results of the orthogonal experiment
project content/(at%) project content/(at%)
SAC1 coal activated carbona) SAC1 coal activated carbona)
C 44.31 96.39 P 1.28 nd
N 2.78 nd b) S nd 0.15
O 13.94 2.99 Cl 11.28 nd
Fe 0.37 0.10 Ca nd 0.05
Ni 0.32 nd Pd 0.27 nd
Mg 0.83 nd V 0.20 nd
Al 2.09 0.14 Zn 14.71 nd
Si 7.62 0.18
Tab.4  Contents of various elements in the sludge adsorbent
Fig.1  Breakthrough time curve of the sludge adsorbent prepared from sewage sludge under optimum preparation conditions (SAC1) as well as the coal activated carbon
Fig.2  Scanning electron microscope image of the sludge adsorbent prepared from sewage sludge (SAC1)
Fig.3  XRD pattern of the sludge adsorbent prepared from sewage sludge (SAC1). (l) graphite
Fig.4  BJH desorption dV/dD pore specific volume of SAC1
Fig.5  Deconvoluted XPS spectra of C1s of the sludge adsorbent prepared from sewage sludge (SAC1). (a) C-C; (b) C-N; (c) C-OH/C-OR; (d) C=O
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