Establishing two-stage interaction between fly ash and NaOH by X-ray and infrared analyses

doi:10.1007/s11783-014-0630-8

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

2015, Vol. 9

Issue (2) : 216-221 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-014-0630-8

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Establishing two-stage interaction between fly ash and NaOH by X-ray and infrared analyses

Bhagwanjee JHA,Nevin KOSHY,Devendra Narain SINGH(

)

Civil Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India

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Abstract

The interaction of the fly ash and NaOH, in an open reflux hydrothermal system at 100°C, has been explored by several researchers and formation of fly ash zeolites has been confirmed based on the X-ray diffraction analysis of the residues. However, this method does not reveal much about the characteristic transitions (viz. elemental, electro-negativity and cation exchange capacity) of the residues. In this situation, resorting to Fourier transform-infrared radiation (FT-IR) spectroscopy on the residues obtained from two-stage hydrothermal treatment process, described in this manuscript, appears to be a novel idea to establish transitions in chemical bonds (viz., -Si-OH-Al-, OH-Na, OH-Al-), crystallinity and cation exchange capacity of these residues. Based on extensive studies, it has been demonstrated that FT-IR spectroscopy is extremely useful for 1) detection of chemical bonds in the residues, 2) evaluation of zeolites in the residues and 3) also establishing the superiority of the two-stage interaction of the fly ash with NaOH for synthesizing better fly ash zeolites (viz., Na-P1 and Hydroxysodalte) as compared to those obtained from the conventional single-stage treatment of the fly ash.

Keywords hydrothermal treatment alkali activation fly ash zeolites X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform-infrared radiation (FT-IR) spectroscopy

Corresponding Author(s): Devendra Narain SINGH

Online First Date: 07 January 2014 Issue Date: 13 February 2015

Cite this article:

Bhagwanjee JHA,Nevin KOSHY,Devendra Narain SINGH. Establishing two-stage interaction between fly ash and NaOH by X-ray and infrared analyses[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2015, 9(2): 216-221.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-014-0630-8
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2015/V9/I2/216

Tab.1 Abbreviations

Fig.1 Important properties (a) XRD patterns and (b)–(d) FEG-SEM micrographs of FA and AFAs((b) 29%; (c) 29%; (d) 38% crystallinity)

Fig.2 Micro-structure properties (a)-(c) FT-IR spectra of FA and AFAs

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