Applications of nanomaterials in water treatment and environmental remediation

doi:10.1007/s11783-014-0654-0

Front.Environ.Sci.Eng.

2014, Vol. 8

Issue (4) : 471-482 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-014-0654-0

REVIEW ARTICLE

Applications of nanomaterials in water treatment and environmental remediation

Gholamreza GHASEMZADEH^1,^*(

),Mahdiye MOMENPOUR²,Fakhriye OMIDI³,Mohammad R. HOSSEINI⁴,Monireh AHANI⁵,Abolfazl BARZEGARI^6,^*(

)

1. Department of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, Tehran 19569, Iran
2. Department of Environmental Biodiversity, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan 4491874551, Iran
3. Department of Fisheries, Agricultural Science & Natural Resources University, Gorgan 1439955471, Iran
4. Department of Environmental Science, University of Pune, Pune 411007, India
5. Department of Agriculture, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Takestan 18610307, Iran
6. Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran

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Abstract

Nanotechnology has revolutionized plethora of scientific and technological fields; environmental safety is no exception. One of the most promising and well-developed environmental applications of nanotechnology has been in water remediation and treatment where different nanomaterials can help purify water through different mechanisms including adsorption of heavy metals and other pollutants, removal and inactivation of pathogens and transformation of toxic materials into less toxic compounds. For this purpose, nanomaterials have been produced in different shapes, integrated into various composites and functionalized with active components. Nanomaterials have also been incorporated in nanostructured catalytic membranes which can in turn help enhance water treatment. In this article, we have provided a succinct review of the most common and popular nanomaterials (titania, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), zero-valent iron, dendrimers and silver nanomaterials) which are currently used in environmental remediation and particularly in water purification. The catalytic properties and functionalities of the mentioned materials have also been discussed.

Keywords photocatalysis titania silver carbon nanotube zero-valent iron dendrimer

Corresponding Author(s): Gholamreza GHASEMZADEH

Issue Date: 11 June 2014

Cite this article:

Gholamreza GHASEMZADEH,Mahdiye MOMENPOUR,Fakhriye OMIDI, et al. Applications of nanomaterials in water treatment and environmental remediation[J]. Front.Environ.Sci.Eng., 2014, 8(4): 471-482.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-014-0654-0
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2014/V8/I4/471

Fig.1 Bismuth oxyiodine/TiO₂ hybrid NPs synthesized through a reverse microemulsion method, photocatalytically detoxify organic pollutants to CO₂ and H₂O under visible light irradiation. The photoactivity of the nanocomposite is highly dependent on the mole ratio of BiOI/TiO₂. The synergistic photocatalytic activity is attributed to the effective electron-hole separations at the interfaces of the two NPs, which facilitate the transfer of the photo-induced carriers. (Reprinted from Applied Surface Science, Vol 258, Zhang Liu, Xiaoxin Xu, Jianzhang Fang, Ximiao Zhu, Jinhui Chu, Baojian Li, Microemulsion synthesis, characterization of bismuth oxyiodine/titanium dioxide hybrid nanoparticles with outstanding photocatalytic performance under visible light irradiation, Pages 3771–3778, Copyright (2012), with permission from Elsevier)

Fig.2 The TiO₂-SiO₂ nanocomposite was formed inside the porous structure of carbonate stone by simple spraying of a sol containing silica oligomers and TiO₂ NPs. These NPs can transform organic pollutants to CO₂ and H₂O under UV light and lend self-cleaning capability to the stone. (Reprinted from Applied Surface Science, Vol 275, Luís Pinho, Farid Elhaddad, Dario S. Facio, Maria J. Mosquera, A novel TiO₂-SiO₂ nanocomposite converts a very friable stone into a self-cleaning building material, Pages 389–396, Copyright (2012), with permission from Elsevier)

Fig.3 Graphene oxide nanosheet was stably functionalized with smart RNA aptamers through covalent bonds. The produced device canspecifically recognize and adsorb microcystin-LR, a trace peptide toxin in drinking water. (Reprinted from Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol 213-214, Xiangang Hu, Li Mu, Jianping Wen, Qixing Zhou, Immobilized smart RNA on graphene oxide nanosheets to specifically recognize and adsorb trace peptide toxins in drinking water, Pages 387–392, Copyright (2012), with permission from Elsevier)

Tab.1 Other nanomaterials used for removal or transformation of water pollutants and the associated mechanism of action

Tab.2 Nanomaterial-enhanced membranes used in water remediation^a)

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