Catalytic wet air oxidation of phenol, nitrobenzene and aniline over the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as catalysts

doi:10.1007/s11783-014-0681-x

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

2015, Vol. 9

Issue (3) : 436-443 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-014-0681-x

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Catalytic wet air oxidation of phenol, nitrobenzene and aniline over the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as catalysts

Shaoxia YANG^1,^*(

),Yu SUN¹,Hongwei YANG²,Jiafeng WAN³

1. National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, School of Renewable Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
2. School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
3. Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China

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Abstract

Wet air oxidation (WAO) is one of effective technologies to eliminate hazardous, toxic and highly concentrated organic compounds in the wastewater. In the paper, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), functionalized by O₃, were used as catalysts in the absence of any metals to investigate the catalytic activity in the catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) of phenol, nitrobenzene (NB) and aniline at the mild operating conditions (reaction temperature of 155°C and total pressure of 2.5 MPa) in a batch reactor. The MWCNTs were characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), gas adsorption measurements (BET), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The functionalized MWCNTs showed good catalytic performance. In the CWAO of phenol over the functionalized MWCNTs, total phenol removal was obtained after 90 min run, and the reaction apparent activation energy was ca. 40 kJ·mol^-1. The NB was not removed in the CWAO of single NB, while ca. 97% NB removal was obtained and 40% NB removal was attributed to the catalytic activity after 180 min run in the presence of phenol. Ca. 49% aniline conversion was achieved after 120 min run in the CWAO of aniline.

Keywords catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) carbon nanotubes (CNTs) phenol nitrobenzene aniline

Corresponding Author(s): Shaoxia YANG

Issue Date: 30 April 2015

Cite this article:

Shaoxia YANG,Yu SUN,Hongwei YANG, et al. Catalytic wet air oxidation of phenol, nitrobenzene and aniline over the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as catalysts[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2015, 9(3): 436-443.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-014-0681-x
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2015/V9/I3/436

Fig.1 SEM and TEM morphologies of the MWCNTs: (a) SEM image of MWCNTs-1; (b) SEM image of MWCNTs-2; (c) TEM image of MWCNTs-3

Tab.1 Structural characteristics of the functionalized MWCNTs

Fig.2 Effect of ozonation time on the phenol removal in the CWAO (T= 155°C, P_T=2.5 MPa, [phenol]₀=1000 mg·L^-1, catalyst loading=0.4 g·L^-1)

Fig.3 Effect of the catalyst loading on the phenol removal in the CWAO over the MWCNTs-3 (T=155°C, P_T=2.5 MPa, [phenol]₀=1000 mg·L^-1)

Fig.4 Effect of reaction temperature on the phenol removal in the CWAO over the MWCNTs-3 (P_T=2.5 MPa, [phenol]₀=1000 mg·L^-1, catalyst loading= 0.4 g·L^-1): (a) phenol removal; (b) lnC_ph/C_ph,0

Fig.5 Effect of the initial phenol concentration on the phenol removal in the CWAO over the MWCNTs-3 (T=155°C, P_T=2.5 MPa, catalyst loading= 0.4 g·L^-1)

Fig.6 CWAO of nitrobenzene in the presence of phenol over the MWCNTs-3 (T=155°C, P_T=2.5 MPa, [Nitrobenzene]₀=700 mg·L^-1, [Phenol]₀=1000 mg·L^-1, catalyst loading=0.4 g·L^-1): (a)NB removal; (b) phenol removal

Fig.7 CWAO of aniline over the MWCNTs-3 (T=155°C, P_T=2.5 MPa, [aniline]₀=2000 mg·L^-1, catalyst loading=0.8 g·L^-1)

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