Adsorption of benzene and toluene from waste gas using activated carbon activated by ZnCl<sub>2</sub>

doi:10.1007/s11783-014-0695-4

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

2014, Vol. 8

Issue (6) : 835-844 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-014-0695-4

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Adsorption of benzene and toluene from waste gas using activated carbon activated by ZnCl₂

Leila KARIMNEZHAD^1,²,Mohammad HAGHIGHI^1,^2,^*(

),Esmaeil FATEHIFAR^1,³

1. Chemical Engineering Faculty, Sahand University of Technology, P O Box 51335-1996, Sahand New Town, Tabriz, Iran
2. Reactor and Catalysis Research Center (RCRC), Sahand University of Technology, P O Box 51335-1996, Sahand New Town, Tabriz, Iran
3. Environmental Engineering Research Center (EERC), Sahand University of Technology, P O Box 51335-1996, Sahand New Town, Tabriz, Iran

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Abstract

A series of activated carbons with high surface area were prepared from walnut shell using chemical activation with ZnCl₂. In this research the carbonization stage was carried out at 500°C. The performance of the synthesized carbons evaluated in adsorption of benzene and toluene from waste gas. The influence of impregnation ratio on the characteristics of synthesized activated carbons as well as their adsorption capacity was investigated. The ratio of activation agent to walnut shell was selected in the range of 0.5–2.0 wt/wt. The synthesized activated carbons were characterized using XRD, SEM, BET and FTIR techniques. The highest activated carbon production yield was obtained at impregnation ratio of 1.5 wt/wt. The XRD analysis illustrated that peaks intensity decreased with increasing impregnation ratio showing that amorphous property of samples was increased. The SEM analysis revealed successful pore development in synthesized activated carbons obtained at high impregnation ratios. The surface area of the activated carbons increased with increasing impregnation ratio and its maximum value reached 2643 m²?g^-1 at impregnation ratio of 2/1. FTIR analysis indicated that the relative amount of different acidic surface groups on synthesized carbons was a function of impregnation ratio. Experimental results for benzene and toluene adsorption showed a high potential of employing synthesized impregnated activated carbon for treatment of waste gas. Generally, the amount of VOC adsorbed on the surface was affected by physicochemical properties of synthesized activated carbons.

Keywords Chemical activation activated carbon textural characterization adsorption benzene toluene

Corresponding Author(s): Mohammad HAGHIGHI

Online First Date: 09 May 2014 Issue Date: 17 November 2014

Cite this article:

Leila KARIMNEZHAD,Mohammad HAGHIGHI,Esmaeil FATEHIFAR. Adsorption of benzene and toluene from waste gas using activated carbon activated by ZnCl₂[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2014, 8(6): 835-844.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-014-0695-4
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2014/V8/I6/835

Fig.1 Experimental setup for testing adsorption performance of synthesized activated carbon for VOC abatement

Fig.2 Production yield of synthesized activated carbons via ZnCl₂ activation at various impregnation ratios of activation agent to dry precursor (wt/wt)

Fig.3 Production yield of synthesized activated carbons via ZnCl₂ activation at various impregnation ratios of activation agent to dry precursor (wt/wt)

Fig.4 SEM images of walnut shell (a) and synthesized activated carbons via ZnCl₂ activation at various impregnation ratios of activation agent to dry precursor (wt/wt) (b) AA/DP= 1/1, (c) AA/DP= 2/1

Fig.5 External surface pore size histogram of synthesized activated carbons via ZnCl₂ activation at various impregnation ratios of activation agent to dry precursor (wt/wt) (a) AA/DP= 1/1 and (b) AA/DP= 2/1

Fig.6 BET surface area of synthesized activated carbons via ZnCl₂ activation at various impregnation ratios of activation agent to dry precursor (wt/wt)

Fig.7 FTIR spectrum of synthesized activated carbons via ZnCl₂ activation at various impregnation ratios of activation agent to dry precursor (wt/wt)

Fig.8 Amount of benzene adsorbed on synthesized activated carbons via ZnCl₂ activation at various impregnation ratios of activation agent to dry precursor (wt/wt)

Fig.9 Amount of toluene adsorbed on synthesized activated carbons via ZnCl₂ activation at various impregnation ratios of activation agent to dry precursor (wt/wt)

Fig.10 Effect of toluene concentration in polluted air on amount of adsorption capacity of synthesized activated carbons via ZnCl₂ activation at impregnation ratio of (activation agent)/(dry precursor) = 2 (wt/wt)

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