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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering

ISSN 2095-2201

ISSN 2095-221X(Online)

CN 10-1013/X

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Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.    2016, Vol. 10 Issue (1) : 1-10    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-014-0715-4
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Sorption and desorption of pymetrozine on six Chinese soils
Mingxing GAO1,2, Yingying LI1, Hong YANG1(), Yucheng GU3
1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
2. Syngenta Nantong Crop Protection Co., Ltd., Nantong Economic & Technological Development Area, Nantong 226009, China
3. Syngenta Jealott’s Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire, RG42 6EY, UK
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Abstract

Pymetrozine is a selective insecticide with a unique chemical structure and mode to control hemipteran and homopteran. While pymetrozine has brought great benefits to crop production by killing insects, its residues in soil may have a detrimental effect on environment. Therefore, it is of great importance to investigate its behaviors in soil. In this study, the sorption and desorption of pymetrozine on six Chinese soils were investigated using a batch equilibrium approach to understand its mobile behavior in the soils. Both sorption and desorption isotherms of pymetrozine were in good agreement with the Freundlich model. The sorption coefficient KF varied between 3.37 and 58.32 mL∙g−1 and the sorption isotherms were nonlinear, with 1/n ranging from 0.57 to 0.91. A regression equation was proposed to predict the sorption of pymetrozine on six different soil samples: log KF = 4.3708 − 4.5709 × log (pH in 0.01mol·L−1 CaCl2) + 0.4700 × log OC% + 0.0057 × sand (%) + 0.0022 × CEC(clay), with R2 = 0.9982. The organic carbon content of soil positively affected the sorption of pymetrozine, but soil pH had a negative effect on the sorption. Additionally, effects of CaCl2 concentration, soil to solution ratio and pesticide form were investigated. The sorption was promoted with an increase in soil to solution ratio and a decrease in CaCl2 concentration. The possible variation of the five formulated products of pymetrozine was also investigated.
Keywords pymetrozine      sorption      desorption      soil     
Corresponding Author(s): Hong YANG   
Online First Date: 30 May 2014    Issue Date: 03 December 2015
 Cite this article:   
Mingxing GAO,Yingying LI,Hong YANG, et al. Sorption and desorption of pymetrozine on six Chinese soils[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2016, 10(1): 1-10.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-014-0715-4
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2016/V10/I1/1
soil code soil type a) texture
type		 texture CEC b) (clay) (cmol?kg-1) CEC b) (soil) (cmol?kg-1) pH c) OC d)
/%
sand /% silt /% clay /% water 0.01?mol·L−1 CaCl2 1?mol·L−1 KCl
A Eutric Gleysols silt loam 35 40 25 34 23 7.13 6.30 5.74 0.68
B Haplic Phaeozems loam 38 39 23 55 20 5.34 4.73 4.25 1.89
C Calcaric Fluvisols loam 34 48 18 68 14 6.58 6.17 5.77 1.47
D Calcaric Regosols loam 44 35 21 45 17 8.12 7.48 7.41 0.81
E Calcaric Ambisols sandy loam 76 12 12 37 10 8.12 7.37 7.23 0.56
F Haplic Ferralsols clay ( light ) 28 20 52 8 9 6.96 6.46 6.44 0.20
Tab.1  Main properties of the six Chinese soils studied
Fig.1  Sorption isotherms of pymetrozine on soil: Linear isotherm (a); Freundlich isotherm (b); Langmuir isotherm (c). Sorption isotherms were determined using the batch equilibrium method. Ten mL pymetrozine technical material solution in 0.01?mol?L−1 CaCl2 at the initial concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0?mg?L−1 were separately added to the 2.0?g dried soil A. Data shown is the mean of three replicates
soil code study Freundlich Hysteresis index (H) Kd /(mL?g−1) KOC/(mL?g−1)
KF/(mL?g−1) 1/n r
A sp a) 7.59 (0.01) 0.78 (0.02) 0.996 1.10 5.78 850
　 des b) 19.50 (0.03) 0.86 (0.01) 0.987
B sp a) 58.32 (0.05) 0.57 (0.01) 0.981 1.15 136.06 7199
　 des b) 116.57 (0.06) 0.65 (0.06) 0.991
C sp a) 14.99 (0.03) 0.72 (0.01) 0.993 1.06 14.06 953
　 des b) 30.61 (0.02) 0.77 (0.02) 0.985
D sp a) 5.08 (0.01) 0.81 (0.01) 0.997 1.04 4.21 518
　 des b) 12.35 (0.01) 0.84 (0.01) 0.995
E sp a) 6.30 (0.02) 0.91 (0.01) 0.999 0.96 5.57 987
　 des b) 13.91 (0.02) 0.87 (0.02) 0.997
F sp a) 3.37 (0.01) 0.72 (0.01) 1.000 1.04 2.12 1051
　 des b) 6.74 (0.01) 0.75 (0.01) 0.999
Tab.2  Freundlich coefficients (KF) of sorption / desorption and sorption coefficient normalized to organic carbon (KOC) for pymetrozine in six soils.
Fig.2  Freundlich sorption (a) and desorption (b) isotherms of pymetrozine on different soils. soil A; soil B; soil C; soil D; soil E; soil F. The initial concentrations of pymetrozine technical material solution are 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0?mg?L−1 in 0.01?mol?L−1 CaCl2. The ratio of soil to solution is 0.2. Data are means of three replicates
Fig.3  Prediction of sorption coefficient KF of pymetrozine technical material on six soils as a function of organic carbon (%) and pH of soils in 0.01?mol?L−1 CaCl2, sand (%) and CEC (clay). The dashed line is the 1:1 line
Fig.4  Effects of soil to solution ratio (a) and molarity of CaCl2 solution (mol?L−1) (b) on sorption of pymetrozine in soil A at 5?mg?L−1 of pymetrozine technical material concentration. (a): The concentration of CaCl2 solution is 0.01?mol?L−1, and the soil to solution ratio ranges from 0.05 to 0.5; (b): The soil to solution ratio is 0.2, and the concentration of CaCl2 solution ranges from 0 to 1.0?mol?L−1. Data are means of three replicates
Fig.5  Effect of pesticide type on the sorption of pymetrozine in soil A with the initial pymetrozine concentration at 5?mg?L−1. The data are means of three replicates. The technical material was selected as the control group. The gray colored comparison circles indicate significant difference with the control group (p<0.05), while the red colored comparison circles indicate no significant difference with the control group (p >0.05)
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