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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering

ISSN 2095-2201

ISSN 2095-221X(Online)

CN 10-1013/X

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Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.    2015, Vol. 9 Issue (1) : 138-146    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-014-0725-2
RESEARCH ARTICLE
The influence of chlorinated aromatics' structure on their adsorption characteristics on activated carbon to tackle chemical spills in drinking water source
Pengfei LIN1,Yuan ZHANG1,Xiaojian ZHANG1,Chao CHEN1,*(),Yuefeng XIE1,2,Irwin H SUFFET3
1. School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
2. Environmental Programs, Pennsylvania State University, Middletown, PA 17057, USA
3. Department of Environment Health Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Abstract

This study focused on evaluating the efficiency of powdered activated carbon (PAC) adsorption process and tackling chlorobenzenes and chlorophenols spill in drinking water source. The adsorption kinetics and PAC’s capacities for five chlorobenzenes and three chlorophenols at drinking water contamination levels were studied in order to determine the influence of different functional groups on the adsorption behavior. The results showed that PAC adsorption could be used as an effective emergency drinking water treatment process to remove these compounds. The adsorption kinetics took 30 min to achieve nearly equilibrium and could be described by both pseudo first-order and pseudo second-order models. A mathematic relationship was developed between the pseudo first-order adsorption rate constant, k1, and the solutes’ properties including lgKow, polarizability and molecular weight. The Freundlich isotherm equation could well describe the adsorption equilibrium behaviors of chlorinated aromatics with r2 from 0.920 to 0.999. The H-bond donor/acceptor group, hydrophobicity, solubility and molecular volume were identified as important solute properties that affect the PAC adsorption capacity. These results could assist water professionals in removing chlorinated aromatics during emergency drinking water treatment.
Keywords chlorinated aromatics      adsorption      powdered activated carbon      kinetics      equilibrium     
Corresponding Author(s): Chao CHEN   
Online First Date: 26 June 2014    Issue Date: 31 December 2014
 Cite this article:   
Pengfei LIN,Yuan ZHANG,Xiaojian ZHANG, et al. The influence of chlorinated aromatics' structure on their adsorption characteristics on activated carbon to tackle chemical spills in drinking water source[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2015, 9(1): 138-146.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-014-0725-2
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2015/V9/I1/138
chemicals structure molecular weight1/(g·mol-1) molecular volume1/nm3 polariz-ability1 pKa1 lgKow1 solubility1/(mg·L-1) drinking waterstandards/(mg·L-1)
China2 USA3
2,4-dichloro-phenol 163 0.118 14.75 7.89 3.10 1100 0.093 -
2,4,6- trichloro-phenol 197 0.132 16.73 6.59 3.58 900 0.2 /
pentachloro-phenol 266 0.161 20.81 4.68 5.12 14.0 0.009 0.001
chloro-benzene 113 0.096 12.19 / 2.84 440 0.3 0.1
1,2-dichloro-benzene 147 0.110 14.11 / 3.28 140 1.0 0.6
1,4- dichloro-benzene 147 0.110 14.07 / 3.34 72.0 0.3 0.075
1,3,5-trichloro-benzene 181 0.124 16.02 / 4.19 6.01 0.02 0.074
hexachloro-benzene 285 0.166 22.12 / 5.75 0.0078 0.001 0.001
Tab.1  Basic information of the tested chemicals
iodine value /(mg·L-1) methylene blue value/(mg·L-1) ash content 200 mesh passing rate micropore volume /(cm3·g-1) specific surface area /(m2·g-1)
903 142 <12% >90% 0.46 853
percentage of pore volume with different diameter /%
<2nm 2-3 nm 3-5 nm 5-10 nm 10-20 nm >20 nm
42.3 14.3 16.3 12.4 6.6 8.0
Tab.2  Physical characteristics and pore size distribution of PAC
chemical categories solutes C0/(mg·L-1) observed capacity qe /(mg·g-1) pseudo first-order model pseudo second-order model
k1/(mg.g-1.min-1) r2 calculated qe /(mg·g-1) k2/(mg.g-1.min-1) r2 calculated qe /(mg·g-1)
chloro-phenols 2,4-dichlorophenol 0.471 21.5 0.13 0.98 21.8 0.013 1.0 22.2
2,4,6- trichlorophenol 1.0 48.8 0.26 1.0 47.4 0.013 1.0 49.0
pentachloro-phenol 0.048 2.12 0.084 0.98 2.0 0.053 1.0 2.2
chloro-benzenes chlorobenzene 1.6 72.2 0.19 0.98 68.5 0.0030 0.99 76.9
1,2-dichlorobenzene 4.4 143 0.19 0.99 136.7 0.0023 1.0 144.9
1,4- dichlorobenzene 1.6 72.5 0.24 0.99 68.8 0.0046 1.0 73.1
1,3,5-trichloro-benzene 0.097 4.83 0.42 1.0 4.8 0.66 1.0 4.8
hexachloro-benzene 0.037 1.78 0.16 1.0 1.8 0.28 0.98 1.8
Tab.3  Adsorption kinetic parameters of the chlorinated aromatic compounds
Fig.9  The relationship between different adsorbates adsorption rate and product of their physicochemical properties (powder activated carbon dosage= 20 mg·L-1, Temperature= 25°C and pH= 7.2)
Fig.10  Comparison of adsorption capacity for 2,4-dichlorophenol (a), 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (b), pentachlorophenol (c) and five chlorobenzenes (d) onto PAC
Fig.11  Partial charge distribution for 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene (a) and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (b)
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