<bold>Chemical poison and regeneration of SCR catalysts for NO</bold><sub><i><bold>x</bold></i></sub><bold> removal from stationary sources</bold>

doi:10.1007/s11783-016-0832-3

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

2016, Vol. 10

Issue (3) : 413-427 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-016-0832-3

REVIEW ARTICLE

Chemical poison and regeneration of SCR catalysts for NO_x removal from stationary sources

Junhua LI^1,^*(

),Yue PENG^1,²,Huazhen CHANG³,Xiang LI¹,John C. CRITTENDEN²,Jiming HAO¹

1. State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
2. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering and the Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems, Georgia Institute of Technology, 800 West Peachtree Street, Suite 400 F-H, Atlanta, GA 30332-0595, United States
3. School of Environment and Natural Resource, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China

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Abstract

Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO_x with NH₃ is an effective technique to remove NO_x from stationary sources, such as coal-fired power plant and industrial boilers. Some of elements in the fly ash deactivate the catalyst due to strong chemisorptions on the active sites. The poisons may act by simply blocking active sites or alter the adsorption behaviors of reactants and products by an electronic interaction. This review is mainly focused on the chemical poisoning on V₂O₅-based catalysts, environmental-benign catalysts and low temperature catalysts. Several common poisons including alkali/alkaline earth metals, SO₂ and heavy metals etc. are referred and their poisoning mechanisms on catalysts are discussed. The regeneration methods of poisoned catalysts and the development of poison-resistance catalysts are also compared and analyzed. Finally, future research directions in developing poisoning resistance catalysts and facile efficient regeneration methods for SCR catalysts are proposed.

Keywords flue gas DeNO_x SCR catalyst poison and regeneration

Corresponding Author(s): Junhua LI

Online First Date: 16 March 2016 Issue Date: 05 April 2016

Cite this article:

Junhua LI,Yue PENG,Huazhen CHANG, et al. Chemical poison and regeneration of SCR catalysts for NO_x removal from stationary sources[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2016, 10(3): 413-427.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-016-0832-3
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2016/V10/I3/413

Fig.1 The plugged (a) and deactivated (b) SCR catalysts

catalysts	preparation methods(calcination temperature)	reaction conditions	highest NO_x conversion(temperature range)	source
V-based catalyst
V₂O₅/TiO₂	Sol-gel (500℃)	NH₃ = NO= 0.5%, 5%O₂, 13,500 h^-¹	≥90% (450–500℃)	[29]
V₂O₅-SO₄^2-/TiO₂	Sol-gel (500℃)	NH₃ = NO= 0.5%, 5%O₂, 13,500 h^-¹	100% (370–500℃)	[6]
V₂O₅-WO₃/TiO₂	impregnation (500℃)	NH₃ = NO= 0.05%, 3%O₂, 70,000 h^-¹	100% (300–450℃)	[30]
V₂O₅-MoO₃/TiO₂	impregnation (550℃)	NH₃ = NO= 0.08%, 0.9%O₂	100% (280–400℃)	[31]
V₂O₅-CeO₂-WO₃/TiO₂	impregnation (500℃)	NH₃ = NO= 0.05%, 3%O₂, 28,000 h^-¹	100% (250–450℃)	[22]
Ce-based catalyst
CeO₂/TiO₂	co-precipitation (500℃)	NH₃ = NO= 0.05%, 5.3%O₂, 25,000 h^-¹	100% (170–350℃)	[32]
CeO₂-WO₃	homogeneous precipitation(500℃)	NH₃ = NO= 0.05%, 5%O₂, 250,000 h^-¹	≥97% (225–450℃)	[23,33]
CeO₂-MO₃	impregnation (500℃)	NH₃ = NO= 0.05%, 5%O₂, 120,000 h^-¹	≥90% (300–350℃)	[25]
CeO₂-WO₃/TiO₂	homogeneous precipitation(500℃)	NH₃ = NO= 0.05%, 5%O₂, 100,000 h^-¹	100% (225–450℃)	[27]
CeO₂-MO₃/TiO₂	impregnation (500℃)	NH₃ = NO= 0.05%, 5%O₂, 128,000 h^-¹	≥90% (270–400℃)	[34]
Mn-based catalyst
MnO_x	precipitation(350℃)	NH₃ = NO= 0.05%, 5%O₂, 50,000 h^-¹	100% (100–150℃)	[35]
MnO_x/AC/C	impregnation (400℃)	NH₃ = NO= 0.05%, 3%O₂, 10,610 h^-¹	95% (250℃)	[36]
MnO_x–CeO₂	co-precipitation (650℃)	NH₃ = NO= 0.1%, 2%O₂, 42,000 h^-¹	100% (120–150℃)	[37]
MnO_x–CuO	co-precipitation (350℃)	NH₃ = NO= 0.05%,5%O₂, 30000 h^-¹	100% (50–200℃)	[38]
MnO_x–WO₃	co-precipitation (600℃)	NH₃ = NO= 0.05%, 5%O₂, 50,000 h^-¹	100% (70–200℃)	[39]
MnO_x/TiO₂	impregnation (400℃)	NH₃ = NO= 0.05%, 5%O₂, 50,000 h^-¹	100% (150–200℃)	[40]
Fe-based catalyst
FeO_x–MnO_x	co-precipitation (500℃)	NH₃ = NO= 0.1%, 2%O₂, 15,000 h^-¹	100% (120–180℃)	[41]
Fe₂(SO₄)₃/TiO₂	impregnation (500℃)	NH₃ = NO= 0.05%, 5%O₂, 80,000 h^-¹	≥90% (350–450℃)	[42]
FeO_x–WO₃	co-precipitation (500℃)	NH₃ = NO= 0.05%, 3%O₂, 60,000 h^-¹	100% (250–400℃)	[43]
FeO_x/TiO₂	co-precipitation (400℃)	NH₃ = NO= 0.05%, 5%O₂, 50,000 h^-¹	≥95% (250–350℃)	[20]
Zeolite catalyst
Cu-SSZ	commercial	NH₃ = NO= 0.035%, CO₂ = H₂O= 5%, 14%O₂, 30,000 h^-¹	≥90% (200–400℃)	[44]
Cu-SAPO	commercial	NH₃ = NO= 0.035%, CO₂ = H₂O= 5%, 14%O₂, 30,000 h^-¹	≥80% (200–350℃)	[26]
Fe-ZSM-5	ion exchange(600℃)	NH₃ = NO= 0.035%, 2%H₂O, 5%O₂, 30,000 h^-¹	≥80% (350–450℃)	[45]
Fe-HBEA	ion exchange(550℃)	NH₃ = NO= 0.05%, 3%O₂, 160,000 h^-¹	≥90% (300–550℃)	[46]

Tab.1 Research results on several kinds of SCR catalysts in literature

Fig.2 Schematic of K₂O poisoning on ceria-based catalyst

Fig.3 Deactivation mechanisms of CaSO₄ on catalyst surface

Fig.4 Proposed scheme for correlation of basic sites and redox properties for poisoning of metal oxides catalysts in SCR reaction [90]. LT means low temperature, HT means high temperature, 1^st means standard SCR reaction, 2^nd means fast SCR reaction, 3^rd means NSCR reaction, and 4^th means catalysts deactivation

Fig.5 Poisoning and regeneration mechanism of As poisoned commercial SCR catalysts

Tab.2 Regeneration methods of SCR catalysts

Fig.6 Regeneration process sketch of used commercial SCR catalysts

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