A road-map for energy-neutral wastewater treatment plants of the future based on compact technologies (including MBBR)

doi:10.1007/s11783-016-0835-0

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

2016, Vol. 10

Issue (4) : 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-016-0835-0

FEATURE ARTICLE

A road-map for energy-neutral wastewater treatment plants of the future based on compact technologies (including MBBR)

Hallvard Ødegaard(

)

Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7491 Trondheim, Norway

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Abstract

In the paper concepts for wastewater treatment of the future are discussed by the use of a) one flow diagram based on established, compact, proven technologies (i.e. nitrification/denitrification for N-removal in the mainstream) and b) one flow diagram based on emerging, compact technologies (i.e. de-ammonification in the main stream).The latter (b) will give an energy-neutral wastewater treatment plant, while this cannot be guaranteed for the first one (a). The example flow diagrams show plant concepts that a) minimize energy consumption by using compact biological and physical/chemical processes combined in an optimal way, for instance by using moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) processes for biodegradation and high-rate particle separation processes, and de-ammonification processes for N-removal and b)maximize energy (biogas) production through digestion by using wastewater treatment processes that minimize biodegradation of the sludge (prior to digestion) and pretreatment of the sludge prior to digestion by thermal hydrolysis. The treatment plant of the future should produce a water quality (for instance bathing water quality) that is sufficient for reuse of some kind (toilet flushing, urban use, irrigation etc.). The paper outlines compact water reclamation processes based on ozonation in combination with coagulation as pretreatment before ceramic membrane filtration.

In the paper concepts for domestic wastewater treatment plants of the future are discussed by the use of a) one flow diagram based on established, compact, proven technologies (i.e. nitrification/denitrification for N-removal in the mainstream) and b) one flow diagram based on emerging, compact technologies (i.e. de-ammonification in the main stream).The latter (b) will give an energy-neutral wastewater treatment plant, while this cannot be guaranteed for the first one (a). The example flow diagrams show plant concepts that a) minimize energy consumption by using compact biological and physical/chemical processes combined in an optimal way, for instance by using moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) processes for biodegradation and high-rate particle separation processes, and de-ammonification processes for N-removal and b)maximize energy (biogas) production through digestion by using wastewater treatment processes that minimize biodegradation of the sludge (prior to digestion) and pretreatment of the sludge prior to digestion by thermal hydrolysis. The treatment plant of the future should produce a water quality (for instance bathing water quality) that is sufficient for reuse of some kind (toilet flushing, urban use, irrigation etc.). The paper outlines compact water reclamation processes based on ozonation in combination with coagulation as pretreatment before ceramic membrane filtration.

Keywords China concept WWTP Energy-neutrality De-ammonification moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR)

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Corresponding Author(s): Hallvard ?degaard

Issue Date: 28 April 2016

Cite this article:

Hallvard ?degaard. A road-map for energy-neutral wastewater treatment plants of the future based on compact technologies (including MBBR)[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2016, 10(4): 2.

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https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-016-0835-0
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2016/V10/I4/2

Fig.1 Nitrogen transformation processes [6]

Tab.1 Fractionation of organic matter in wastewater – some early American studies [7,8]

Fig.2 Principle of the MBBR and examples of carriers

Fig.3 Example flow diagram based on compact, established and proven technologies

Fig.4 Example flow diagram based on de-ammonification for nitrogen removal in the main-stream

Tab.2 Removal of organic matter in Norwegian coagulation plants (average values)

Fig.5 Extent of hydrolysis (R_p, %) of particulate COD being hydrolyzed to soluble COD as a function of biodegradable, filtered COD (BFCOD) load [21]

Fig.6 The removal rate of filtered(1 μm filtered) COD versus the concentration of filtered biodegradable COD [12]

Fig.7 Typical build-up of a combined pre- and post-denitrification MBBR [22]

Fig.8 Schematic of 1-stage nitritation/anammox biological processes occurring inside a carrier’s biofilm and anAnox?K5 carrier colonized with anammox bacteria

Fig.9 MBBR versus MBBR-based IFAS for de-ammonification [35]

Fig.10 Schematic of mainstream ANITA^TMMox WWTP (a) with carrier recycling concept betweenside-stream and main-stream ANITA^TMMox reactors and (b) with alternating feed concept betweenside-stream and main-stream water (after [38])

Fig.11 Removal of organic micro-pollutants by three different methods in the EAWAG study [44]

Fig.12 Treatment results for the full-scale ozonation plant of the city of Regensdorf, Switzerland [46]

Fig.13 The influence of ozone dose and coagulant dose on TMP-development in CMF [48]

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