Benzene degradation in waste gas by photolysis and photolysis-ozonation: experiments and modeling

doi:10.1007/s11783-016-0876-4

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

2016, Vol. 10

Issue (6) : 10 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-016-0876-4

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Benzene degradation in waste gas by photolysis and photolysis-ozonation: experiments and modeling

Fariba Mahmoudkhani¹,Maryam Rezaei¹,Vahid Asili¹,Mahsasadat Atyabi¹,Elena Vaisman²,Cooper H. Langford²,Alex De Visscher¹(

)

¹. Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Centre for Environmental Engineering Research and Education (CEERE), Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
². Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada

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Abstract

A photochemical model of benzene degradation compares well with experimental data obtained in the Lab.

62 reactions were needed to fully describe benzene degradation.

A feasibility study shows that the photolysis of benzene is a cost-effective process.

Experimental data and modeling results show that the degradation efficiency will increase when the combination of UV light and ozone is used.

The degradation of benzene, a carcinogenic air pollutant, was studied in a gas-phase photochemical reactor with an amalgam lamp emitting ultraviolet light at 185 and 254 nm. Efficient benzene degradation (>70%) was possible for benzene mass flow rates of up to 1.5 mg·min⁻¹. Adding ozone allowed benzene mass flow rates of up to 5 mg·min⁻¹ to be treated with the same efficiency. In terms of energy consumption, ozone doubles the efficiency of the process. A comprehensive mechanistic simulation model was developed incorporating a chemical kinetics model (62 reactions involving 47 chemical species), a material balance model incorporating diffusion and flow, a flow velocity model, and a light field model. The model successfully predicted the efficiency of the reactor, generally within 20%, which indicates that the model is sound, and can be used for feasibility studies. The prediction of the reactor efficiency in the presence of ozone was less successful, with systematically overestimated efficiency. Condensation of reaction products in the reactor is thought to be the main cause of model inaccuracy. Both experimental data and model predictions show that there is a synergistic effect between ozonation and ultraviolet degradation.

Keywords Photolysis Ozone Benzene Waste gas Simulation Synergism

PACS:

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Corresponding Author(s): Alex De Visscher

Issue Date: 28 September 2016

Cite this article:

Fariba Mahmoudkhani,Maryam Rezaei,Vahid Asili, et al. Benzene degradation in waste gas by photolysis and photolysis-ozonation: experiments and modeling[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2016, 10(6): 10.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-016-0876-4
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2016/V10/I6/10

Fig.1 Benzene degradation efficiency versus benzene mass flow rate, at different volumetric air flow rates, in the absence of added ozone. Lamp input: 40 W. Reactor internal volume: 438.34 cm³.

Fig.2 UV irradiance versus benzene mass flow rate, at different volumetric flow rates, in the absence of added ozone.

Fig.3 Benzene degradation efficiency versus benzene mass flow rate, at a volumetric flow rate of 2.2 L min^–1, in the presence of 17.6 mg min^–1 ozone. Diamonds are experimental data; line is simulation result.

Fig.4 UV irradiance versus benzene mass flow rate, at a volumetric flow rate of 2.2 L•min^–1, in the presence of 17.6 mg•min^–1 ozone. Diamonds are experimental data; line is simulation result.

Fig.5 UV irradiance versus axial reactor location at a volumetric flow rate of 1 L•min^–1, a benzene mass flow rate of 2 mg•min^–1, in the absence of added ozone.

Fig.6 Axial benzene concentration profile in the reactor, at a volumetric flow rate of 1 L•min^–1, a benzene mass flow rate of 2 mg•min^–1, in the absence of added ozone. Inset: radial benzene concentration profile at 24.5 cm axial location.

Tab.1 Effect of process conditions on the modeled benzene degradation efficiency in the absence of ozone. Base case: flow rate 1 L•min^–1, inlet benzene concentration 5 g•m^–3, water mole fraction 0.0312, radii of the annular space 1.25 cm and 2.1 cm.

Tab.2 Effect of process conditions on the modeled benzene degradation efficiency in the presence of ozone. Base case: flow rate 2.2 L•min^–1, inlet benzene concentration 10 g•m^–3, inlet ozone concentration 8 g•m^–3, water mole fraction 0.0312, radii of the annular space 1.25 cm and 2.1 cm.

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