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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering

ISSN 2095-2201

ISSN 2095-221X(Online)

CN 10-1013/X

Postal Subscription Code 80-973

2018 Impact Factor: 3.883

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.    2017, Vol. 11 Issue (1) : 9    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-017-0902-1
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Novel coprecipitation–oxidation method for recovering iron from steel waste pickling liquor
Shejiang Liu,Hongyang Yang,Yongkui Yang(),Yupeng Guo,Yun Qi
School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Abstract

Coprecipitation–oxidation method was developed to recover the iron from wastewater.

Fe3O4 nanoparticles were well synthesized from steel waste pickling liquor.

Promoters greatly improved the properties of synthesized Fe3O4 nanoparticle.

Real-time control of the Fe2+/Fe3+ molar ratio was achieved by ORP monitoring.

Waste pickling liquors (WPLs) containing high concentrations of iron and acid are hazardous waste products from the steel pickling processes. A novel combined coprecipitation–oxidation method for iron recovery by Fe3O4 nanoparticle production from the WPLs was developed in this study. An oxidation–reduction potential monitoring method was developed for real-time control of the Fe2+/Fe3+ molar ratio. The key coprecipitation–oxidation parameters were determined using the orthogonal experimental design method. The use of promoters greatly improved the Fe3O4 nanoparticle crystallinity, size, magnetization, and dispersion. X-ray diffraction patterns showed that the produced Fe3O4 nanoparticles were single phase. The Fe3O4 nanoparticles were approximately spherical and slightly agglomerated. Vibrating sample magnetometry showed that the Fe3O4 nanoparticles produced from the WPLs had good magnetic properties, with a saturation magnetization of 80.206 emu·g−1 and a remanence of 10.500 emu·g−1. The results show that this novel coprecipitation–oxidation method has great potential for recycling iron in WPLs.

Keywords Waste pickling liquor      Coprecipitation–oxidation      Fe3O4 nanoparticles      Oxidation–reduction potential      Promoter     
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Corresponding Author(s): Yongkui Yang   
Issue Date: 09 January 2017
 Cite this article:   
Shejiang Liu,Hongyang Yang,Yongkui Yang, et al. Novel coprecipitation–oxidation method for recovering iron from steel waste pickling liquor[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2017, 11(1): 9.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-017-0902-1
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2017/V11/I1/9
No. mixture /(r·min−1) Fe2+/Fe3+ molar ratio pH size /nm
1 200 1:1.4 8 40
2 200 1:1.6 9 20
3 200 1:1.8 10 10
4 200 1:2 11 10
5 400 1:1.4 9 35
6 400 1:1.6 8 20
7 400 1:1.8 11 11
8 400 1:2 10 15
9 600 1:1.4 10 35
10 600 1:1.6 11 15
11 600 1:1.8 8 12
12 600 1:2 9 15
13 800 1:1.4 11 40
14 800 1:1.6 10 15
15 800 1:1.8 9 10
16 800 1:2 8 20
K1 80 150 92
K2 81 70 80
K3 77 43 75
K4 85 60 76
`K1 20 37.5 23
`K2 20.25 17.5 20
`K3 19.25 10.75 18.75
`K4 21.25 15 19
Ra) 2 26.75 4.25
Tab.1  Orthogonal design and analysis for the reaction stage
No. reaction temperature/°C growth temperature/°C growth time/h moment/mass/(emu·g−1)
1 20 60 0.5 55.263
2 20 70 1 60.819
3 20 80 1.5 62.527
4 20 90 2 67.074
5 30 60 1 57.089
6 30 70 0.5 61.189
7 30 80 2 65.366
8 30 90 1.5 69.905
9 40 60 1.5 61.028
10 40 70 2 63.053
11 40 80 0.5 66.116
12 40 90 1 72.226
13 50 60 2 61.477
14 50 70 1.5 63.976
15 50 80 1 68.030
16 50 90 0.5 75.133
K1 245.683 234.857 257.701
K2 253.549 249.037 258.164
K3 262.423 262.039 257.436
K4 268.616 284.338 256.970
`K1 61.421 58.714 64.425
`K2 63.387 62.259 64.541
`K3 65.606 65.510 64.359
`K4 67.154 71.084 64.242
Ra) 5.733 12.370 0.299
Tab.2  Orthogonal design and analysis for the reaction and aging stages
Fig.1  Standard curves of ORP and Fe2+/Fe3+ molar ratio at initial Fe2+concentration of 0.1 (a), 0.3 (b) and 0.5 (c) mol·L−1
Fig.2  XRD of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles from simulated wastewater using different promoters. (a) No promoters; (b) sodium citrate 12 g·kg−1 Fe; (c) PEG-4000 12 g·kg−1 Fe; (d) sodium silicate 24 g·kg−1 Fe; (e) combination of three promoters (the same concentration as above). Top lines: compared to the standard Fe3O4 sample as JCPDS No. 19-0629
Fig.3  TEM image of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles from simulated wastewater using different promoters. (a) No promoters; (b) sodium citrate 12 g·kg−1 Fe; (c) PEG-4000 12 g·kg−1 Fe; (d) sodium silicate 24 g·kg−1 Fe; (e) combination of three promoters (the same concentration as above)
Fig.4  XRD pattern of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles from simulated wastewater (a) and waste pickling liquor (b). Top lines: Compared to the standard Fe3O4 sample as JCPDS No. 19-0629
Fig.5  Magnetic hysteresis curve of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles from simulated wastewater (a) and waste pickling liquor (b)
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