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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering

ISSN 2095-2201

ISSN 2095-221X(Online)

CN 10-1013/X

Postal Subscription Code 80-973

2018 Impact Factor: 3.883

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.    2017, Vol. 11 Issue (2) : 15    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-017-0921-y
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Performance and mechanism for cadmium and lead adsorption from water and soil by corn straw biochar
Tong Chi,Jiane Zuo(),Fenglin Liu
State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Abstract

Corn straw biochar prepared under 400 °C was the best Cd and Pb adsorption capacity

Maximum adsorption capacity of Cd and Pb were 43.48 and 22.73 mg·g1, respectively

The dominant mechanism of Cd and Pb adsorption was precipitation

Biochar could reduce the bioavailability of heavy metals when mixed with soil

Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in water and soil could be adsorbed by biochar produced from corn straw. Biochar pyrolyzed under 400°C for 2 h could reach the ideal removal efficiencies (99.24% and 98.62% for Cd and Pb, respectively) from water with the biochar dosage of 20 g·L1 and initial concentration of 20 mg·L1. The pH value of 4–7 was the optimal range for adsorption reaction. The adsorption mechanism was discussed on the basis of a range of characterizations, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman analysis; it was concluded as surface complexation with active sorption sites (-OH, -COO-), coordination with π electrons (C= C, C= O) and precipitation with inorganic anions (OH, CO32, SO42) for both Cd and Pb. The sorption isotherms fit Langmuir model rather than Freundlich model, and the saturated sorption capacities for Cd and Pb were 38.91 mg·g1 and 28.99 mg·g1, respectively. When mixed with soil, biochar could effectively increase alkalinity and reduce bioavailability of heavy metals. Thus, biochar derived from corn straw would be a green material for both removal of heavy metals and amelioration of soil.

Keywords Corn straw      Biochar      Heavy metals      Sorption isotherm      Bioavailability     
Corresponding Author(s): Jiane Zuo   
Issue Date: 07 April 2017
 Cite this article:   
Tong Chi,Jiane Zuo,Fenglin Liu. Performance and mechanism for cadmium and lead adsorption from water and soil by corn straw biochar[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2017, 11(2): 15.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-017-0921-y
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2017/V11/I2/15
Fig.1  Removal efficiencies of Cd and Pb adsorbed by biochar prepared under different pyrolysis temperature. Initial concentration of both Cd and Pb solution was 20 mg·L1; reacting temperature was 25℃; dosage of biochar was 20 g·L1
Fig.2  Removal efficiency of (a) Cd and (b) Pb with or without biochar under different pH value. Initial concentration of both Cd and Pb solution was 20 mg·L1; reacting temperature was 25ºC; dosage of biochar was 20 g·L1
adsorbents maximum sorption capacity references
Cd/(mg·g1) Pb/(mg·g1)
dairy manure Biochar - 140.8 [4]
polygonum orientale Linn - 98.39 [31]
Chinese medicine material residue Biochar - 82.5 [23]
peanut shell Biochar - 52.8 [23]
dairy manure Biochar 51.4 - [22]
Geodae-Uksae 1 Stalks Biochar 13.24 - [6]
mango peel waste 68.92 99.05 [18]
peanut hull Biochar 6.36 50.05 [33]
banana peels 5.71 2.18 [34]
cron straw Biochar 38.91 28.99 this study
Tab.1   Comparison among adsorbents of Cd and Pb reported in literature
Fig.3  The sorption isotherms and sorption models of (a) Cd and (b) Pb
Fig.4  Height of Ligustrun lucidums planted in soil amended with different ratios of biochar
Fig.5  Germinating time of Ligustrun lucidums planted in soil amended with different ratios of biochar
Fig.6  Concentration of (a) Cd and (b) Pb in roots and leaves of Selaginella uncinata
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