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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering

ISSN 2095-2201

ISSN 2095-221X(Online)

CN 10-1013/X

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2018 Impact Factor: 3.883

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.    2018, Vol. 12 Issue (2) : 7    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-017-0990-y
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Field evidence of decreased extractability of copper and nickel added to soils in 6-year field experiments
Bao Jiang1,2, Dechun Su2, Xiaoqing Wang3, Jifang Liu4, Yibing Ma1()
1. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
2. Colleges of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
3. Departments of Environmental Engineering and Chemistry, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
4. Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Abstract

Long-term decrease in added Cu and Ni toxicity was easily identified in neutral soil.

Extractability as an aging indicator of Cu and Ni is better than phytotoxicity.

In neutral and alkaline soil Cu is extractable more than Ni.

In acidic soil extractability of Cu is similar to Ni.

The phytotoxicity of added copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni) is influenced by soil properties and field aging. However, the differences in the chemical behavior between Cu and Ni are still unclear. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the extractability of added Cu and Ni in 6-year field experiments, as well as the link with their phytotoxicity. The results showed that the extractability of added Cu decreased by 6.63% (5.10%–7.90%), 22.5% (20.6%–23.9%), and 6.87% (0%–17.9%) on average for acidic, neutral, and alkaline soil from 1 to 6 years, although the phytotoxicity of added Cu and Ni did not change significantly from 1 to 6 years in the long term field experiment. Because of dissolution of Cu, when the pH decreased below 7.0, the extractability of Cu in alkaline soil by EDTA at pH 4.0 could not reflect the effects of aging. For Ni, the extractability decreased by 18.1% (10.1%–33.0%), 63.0% (59.2%–68.8%), and 22.0% (12.4%–31.8%) from 1 to 6 years in acidic, neutral, and alkaline soils, respectively, indicating the effects of aging on Ni were greater than on Cu. The sum of ten sequential extractions of Cu and Ni showed that added Cu was more extractable than Ni in neutral and alkaline soil, but similar in acidic soil.

Keywords Copper      Nickel      EDTA      Sequential extraction     
Corresponding Author(s): Yibing Ma   
Issue Date: 01 September 2017
 Cite this article:   
Bao Jiang,Dechun Su,Xiaoqing Wang, et al. Field evidence of decreased extractability of copper and nickel added to soils in 6-year field experiments[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2018, 12(2): 7.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-017-0990-y
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2018/V12/I2/7
SoilspHa)CECb)OCc)CaCO3OXd) FeCDe) FeOXd) AlCDe) AlCuNi
(1:5)(cmol+/kg)(%)(%)(mg/kg)(mg/kg)(mg/kg)(mg/kg)(mg/kg)(mg/kg)
Acidic soil
(QY-pH 5.3)
5.37.470.870.091146.426,1541326329329.422.3
Neutral soil
(JX-pH 6.7)
6.719.331.420.156211.810,824110679430.832
Alkaline soil
(DZ-pH 8.9)
8.98.330.696.17644.2496549736924.620.2
Tab.1  Soil properties and background concentration of Cu and Ni in three field soils
Fig.1  Toxicity thresholds (EC50) of Cu and Ni added to field soils aged for 1, 3, and 6 years. The crops used to assess the toxicity of Cu and Ni in different soils: maize for acidic soil in Qiyang (QY-pH 5.3) and alkaline soil in Dezhou (DZ-pH 8.9), rice for neutral soil in Jiaxing (JX-pH 6.7). Different letters in the same field soil indicate significant differences among different aging time at p<0.05
Extractable metalSoilpH 4.0pH 6.0pH 7.5
1 (year)3 (year)6 (year)1 (year)3 (year)6 (year)1 (year)3 (year)6 (year)
Ten-EDTA-CuAcidic (QY)64.659.456.754.852.049.759.255.852.3
Neutral (JX)94.179.173.590.660.566.790.071.566.9
Alkaline (DZ)98.592.998.582.294.679.598.489.980.5
Ten-EDTA-NiAcidic (QY)62.650.529.671.557.660.466.2-56.1
Neutral (JX)64.462.45.2470.169.11.3565.163.63.94
Alkaline (DZ)32.839.21.0522.229.50.2813.725.51.34
Tab.2  Sum of ten extractable proportions (%) of Cu and Ni by EDTA to total added Cu and Ni in different soils aged for 1, 3, and 6 years
Fig.2  Change in proportions of non-EDTA-extractable Cu (non-EDTA-Cu, %) with 1 to 10 extractions at pH 4.0, pH 6.0, and pH 7.5 to total Cu added to acidic (QY-pH 5.3), neutral (JX-pH 6.7), and alkaline (DZ-pH 8.9) soils aged for 1, 3, and 6 years
Fig.3  Change in proportions of non-EDTA-extractable Ni (non-EDTA-Ni, %) with 1 to 10 extractions at pH 4.0, pH 6.0, and pH 7.5 to total Ni added to acidic (QY-pH 5.3), neutral (JX-pH 6.7), and alkaline (DZ-pH 8.9) soils aged 1, 3, and 6 years
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