|
|
Effects of heavy rainfall on the composition of airborne bacterial communities |
Gwang Il Jang1,2, Chung Yeon Hwang2, Byung Cheol Cho1() |
1. Microbial Oceanography Laboratory, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea 2. Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea |
|
|
Abstract Airborne bacterial community composition changed between before and after rainfall. Actinobacteria and Firmicutes, respectively, increased and decreased after rain. Rainfalls might have adverse effects on human and plant health.
Wet deposition scavenges particles and particle-associated bacteria from the air column, but the impact of raindrops on various surfaces on Earth causes emission of surface-associated bacteria into the air column. Thus, after rainfall, these two mechanisms are expected to cause changes in airborne bacterial community composition (BCC). In this study, aerosol samples were collected at a suburban site in Seoul, Korea before and after three heavy rainfall events in April, May, and July 2011. BCC was investigated by pyrosequencing the 16S rRNA gene in aerosol samples. Interestingly, the relative abundance of non-spore forming Actinobacteria operational taxonomic units (OTUs) was always higher in post-rain aerosol samples. In particular, the absolute and relative abundances of airborne Propionibacteriaceae always increased after rainfall, whereas those of airborne Firmicutes, including Carnobacteriaceae and Clostridiales, consistently decreased. Marine bacterial sequences, which were temporally important in aerosol samples, also decreased after rainfall events. Further, increases in pathogen-like sequences were often observed in post-rain air samples. Rainfall events seemed to affect airborne BCCs by the combined action of the two mechanisms, with potentially adverse effects on human and plant health.
|
Keywords
Aerosol
Bacteria
Community composition
Pyrosequencing
Rain
|
Corresponding Author(s):
Byung Cheol Cho
|
Issue Date: 05 December 2017
|
|
1 |
P N Polymenakou. Atmosphere: A source of pathogenic or beneficial microbes? Atmosphere, 2012, 3(4): 87–102
https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos3010087
|
2 |
P N Polymenakou, M Mandalakis, E G Stephanou, A Tselepides. Particle size distribution of airborne microorganisms and pathogens during an Intense African dust event in the eastern Mediterranean. Environmental Health Perspectives, 2008, 116(3): 292–296
https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.10684
pmid: 18335093
|
3 |
A Franzetti, I Gandolfi, E Gaspari, R Ambrosini, G Bestetti. Seasonal variability of bacteria in fine and coarse urban air particulate matter. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2011, 90(2): 745–753
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-010-3048-7
pmid: 21184061
|
4 |
J A Huffman, A J Prenni, P J DeMott, C Pöehlker, R H Mason, N H Robinson, J Fröehlich-Nowoisky, Y Tobo, V R Després, E Garcia, D J Gochis, E Harris, I Müeller-Germann, C Ruzene, B Schmer, B Sinha, D A Day, M O Andreae, J L Jimenez, M Gallagher, S M Kreidenweis, A K Bertram, U Pöeschl. High concentrations of biological aerosol particles and ice nuclei during and after rain. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2013, 13: 6151–6164
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-6151-2013
|
5 |
Y S Joung, Z Ge, C R Buie. Bioaerosol generation by raindrops on soil. Nature Communications, 2017, 8: 14668
https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14668
pmid: 28267145
|
6 |
E L Brodie, T Z DeSantis, J P M Parker, I X Zubietta, Y M Piceno, G L Andersen. Urban aerosols harbor diverse and dynamic bacterial populations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2007, 104(1): 299–304
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0608255104
pmid: 17182744
|
7 |
E M Jeon, H J Kim, K Jung, J H Kim, M Y Kim, Y P Kim, J O Ka. Impact of Asian dust events on airborne bacterial community assessed by molecular analyses. Atmospheric Environment, 2011, 45(25): 4313–4321
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.11.054
|
8 |
T Maki, F Puspitasari, K Hara, M Yamada, F Kobayashi, H Hasegawa, Y Iwasaka. Variations in the structure of airborne bacterial communities in a downwind area during an Asian dust (Kosa) event. Science of the Total Environment, 2014, 488– 489: 75–84
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.04.044
pmid: 24815557
|
9 |
T Maki, K Hara, A Iwata, K C Lee, K Kawai, K Kai, F Kobayashi, S B Pointing, S Archer, H Hasegawa, Y Iwasaka. Variations in airborne bacterial communities at high altitudes over the Noto Peninsula (Japan) in response to Asian dust events. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussion, 2017, 1–32
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2016-1095
|
10 |
B C Cho, G I Jang. Active and diverse rainwater bacteria collected at an inland site in spring and summer 2011. Atmospheric Environment, 2014, 94: 409–416
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.05.048
|
11 |
J Y Aller, M R Kuznetsova, C J Jahns, P F Kemp. The sea surface microlayer as a source of viral and bacterial enrichment in marine aerosols. Journal of Aerosol Science, 2005, 36(5–6): 801–812
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2004.10.012
|
12 |
B C Cho, C Y Hwang. Prokaryotic abundance and 16S rRNA gene sequences detected in marine aerosols on the East Sea (Korea). FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 2011, 76(2): 327–341
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2011.01053.x
pmid: 21255051
|
13 |
H Schäfer, G Muyzer. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis in marine microbial ecology. Methods in Microbiology, 2001, 30: 425–468
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0580-9517(01)30057-0
|
14 |
P D Schloss, S L Westcott, T Ryabin, J R Hall, M Hartmann, E B Hollister, R A Lesniewski, B B Oakley, D H Parks, C J Robinson, J W Sahl, B Stres, G G Thallinger, D J Van Horn, C F Weber. Introducing mothur: open-source, platform-independent, community-supported software for describing and comparing microbial communities. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2009, 75(23): 7537–7541
https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01541-09
pmid: 19801464
|
15 |
K R Clarke, R M Warwick. Change in Marine Communities: An Approach to Statistical Analysis and Interpretation, 2nd edition. Plymouth: PRIMER-E, 2001
|
16 |
R M Bowers, S McLetchie, R Knight, N Fierer. Spatial variability in airborne bacterial communities across land-use types and their relationship to the bacterial communities of potential source environments. The ISME Journal, 2011, 5(4): 601–612
https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2010.167
pmid: 21048802
|
17 |
R R Draxler, G D Rolph. HYSPLIT (HYbrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) Model access via NOAA ARL READY. College Park, MD: NOAA Air Resources Laboratory, 2013.
|
18 |
K S Sfanos, W B Isaacs. An evaluation of PCR primer sets used for detection of Propionibacterium acnes in prostate tissue samples. Prostate, 2008, 68(14): 1492–1495
https://doi.org/10.1002/pros.20820
pmid: 18651578
|
19 |
S Cha, D Lee, J H Jang, S Lim, D Yang, T Seo. Alterations in the airborne bacterial community during Asian dust events occurring between February and March 2015 in South Korea. Scientific Reports, 2016, 6: 37271
https://doi.org/10.1038/srep37271
pmid: 27849049
|
20 |
R M Bowers, I B McCubbin, A G Hallar, N Fierer. Seasonal variability in airborne bacterial communities at a high-elevation site. Atmospheric Environment, 2012, 50: 41–49
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.01.005
|
21 |
R M Bowers, N Clements, J B Emerson, C Wiedinmyer, M P Hannigan, N Fierer. Seasonal variability in bacterial and fungal diversity of the near-surface atmosphere. Environmental Science & Technology, 2013, 47(21): 12097–12106
https://doi.org/10.1021/es402970s
pmid: 24083487
|
22 |
E Stackebrandt, F A Rainey, N L Ward-Rainey. Proposal for a new hierarchic classification system, Actinobacteria classis nov. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 1997, 47(2): 479–491
https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-47-2-479
|
23 |
P Normand. Geodermatophilaceae fam. nov., a formal description. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 2006, 56(10): 2277–2278
https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.64298-0
pmid: 17012547
|
24 |
C S Cox. Relative humidity and temperature. In: Cox C, editor. The Aerobiological Pathway of Microorganisms. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1987, 172–205
|
25 |
R Ehrlich, S Miller, R L Walker. Effects of atmospheric humidity and temperature on the survival of airborne Flavobacterium. Applied Microbiology, 1970, 20(6): 884–887
pmid: 4992653
|
26 |
V R Després, J A Huffman, S M Burrows, C Hoose, A S Safatov, G Buryak, J Fröhlich-Nowoisky, W Elbert, M O Andreae, U Pöschl, R Jaenicke. Primary biological aerosol particles in the atmosphere: A review. Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology, 2012, 64(1): 15598
https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v64i0.15598
|
27 |
L Cuthbertson, H Amores-Arrocha, L A Malard, N Els, B Sattler, D A Pearce. Characterisation of Arctic bacterial communities in the air above Svalbard. Biology (Basel), 2017, 6(2): 29
https://doi.org/10.3390/biology6020029
pmid: 28481257
|
28 |
H M Kim, C Y Hwang, B C Cho. Arcobacter marinus sp. nov. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 2010, 60(3): 531–536
https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.007740-0
pmid: 19654359
|
29 |
M J Figueras, L Collado, A Levican, J Perez, M J Solsona, C Yustes. Arcobacter molluscorum sp. nov., a new species isolated from shellfish. Systematic and Applied Microbiology, 2011, 34(2): 105–109
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.syapm.2010.10.001
pmid: 21185143
|
30 |
Y Tong, B Lighthart. Solar radiation is shown to select for pigmented bacteria in the ambient outdoor atmosphere. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 1997, 65(1): 103–106
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1997.tb01884.x
|
31 |
D W Ehresmann, M T Hatch. Effect of relative humidity on the survival of airborne unicellular algae. Applied Microbiology, 1975, 29(3): 352–357
pmid: 1115506
|
32 |
M Simon, F Azam. Protein content and protein synthesis rates of planktonic marine bacteria. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 1989, 51: 201–213
https://doi.org/10.3354/meps051201
|
33 |
P E Taylor, H Jonsson. Thunderstorm asthma. Current Allergy and Asthma Reports, 2004, 4(5): 409–413
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-004-0092-3
pmid: 15283882
|
34 |
R Locci. Actinomycete spores. In: Encyclopedia of Life Sciences (eLS). New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2006, doi: 10.1038/nng.els.004237
|
35 |
R M Harrison, A M Jones, P D Biggins, N Pomeroy, C S Cox, S P Kidd, J L Hobman, N L Brown, A Beswick. Climate factors influencing bacterial count in background air samples. International Journal of Biometeorology, 2005, 49(3): 167–178
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-004-0225-3
pmid: 15290434
|
36 |
A C Woo, M S Brar, Y Chan, M C Y Lau, F C C Leung, J A Scott, L L P Vrijmoed, P Zawar-Reza, S B Pointing. Temporal variation in airborne microbial populations and microbially-derived allergens in a tropical urban landscape. Atmospheric Environment, 2013, 74: 291–300
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.03.047
|
37 |
I Gandolfi, V Bertolini, R Ambrosini, G Bestetti, A Franzetti. Unravelling the bacterial diversity in the atmosphere. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2013, 97(11): 4727–4736
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-013-4901-2
pmid: 23604562
|
|
Viewed |
|
|
|
Full text
|
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
|
|
Cited |
|
|
|
|
|
Shared |
|
|
|
|
|
Discussed |
|
|
|
|