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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering

ISSN 2095-2201

ISSN 2095-221X(Online)

CN 10-1013/X

Postal Subscription Code 80-973

2018 Impact Factor: 3.883

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.    2018, Vol. 12 Issue (3) : 11    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-018-1029-8
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Application and mechanism of polysaccharide extracted from Enteromorpha to remove nano-ZnO and humic acid in coagulation process
Jianzhang Sun, Baoyu Gao(), Yuanxia Luo, Moxi Xue, Xing Xu, Qinyan Yue, Yan Wang
Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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Abstract

Green source Ep was extracted from marine alga waste.

The molecule model structure of Ep was studied and constructed.

PAC-Ep coagulation system improves the efficiency of removal efficiency.

Synergistic effects between NPs and HA make a big difference to enhance efficiency.

Mechanism is charge neutralization, hydrogen bonding and adsorbing-complexing

Enteromorpha polysaccharide (Ep) extracted from alga a novel green coagulant aid for nanoparticles (NPs) and heavy metal ions removal and the structure of EP was intensively studied in this study. The integration of Ep with polyaluminum chloride (PAC-Ep) coagulants exhibited higher coagulation performance than that of the polyaluminum chloride (PAC) because of the negatively charged NPs suspension and humic aid (HA) solution. Significant high removal efficiencies of dissolved organic matter (94.1%), turbidity (99.3%) and Zn ions (69.3%) were achieved by the PAC-Ep coagulants. The dual-coagulation properties of PAC-Ep for different pollutants was based on multiple mechanisms, including (i) Al3+ charge neutralization; (ii) hydroxy aluminum hydroxyl bridging formed polynuclearhydroxy complexes bridge and sweep colloidal particles; (iii) adsorption and bridging of Ep chain for the NPs and heavy metal ions. Results indicated that the destabilization of colloid was induced by the coexisting HA and higher removal was achieved as ions adsorption was enhance in the presence of HA complexation. On the basis of that, the extraction of polysaccharide is a promising candidate for its high coagulation performance in water treatment.

Keywords Algal Extraction      Enteromorpha polysaccharide      1H-13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)      Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)      X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)      Coagulation mechanism.     
Corresponding Author(s): Baoyu Gao   
Issue Date: 21 March 2018
 Cite this article:   
Jianzhang Sun,Baoyu Gao,Yuanxia Luo, et al. Application and mechanism of polysaccharide extracted from Enteromorpha to remove nano-ZnO and humic acid in coagulation process[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2018, 12(3): 11.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-018-1029-8
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2018/V12/I3/11
Synthetic wastewater PAC PAC-Ep
Dosageopt (mg/L) RDOC (%) RTurbidity (%) Rions (%) Floc size
(μm)
Df Dosageopt (mg/L) RDOC (%) RTurbidity (%) Rions (%) Floc size
(μm)
Df
nZnO 2.8 - 96.2 3.6 300 2.36 2.8/1.2 - 98.5 25.8 460 2.29
HA 3.0 79.7 - - 270 2.14 3.0/0.6 91.3 - - 380 2.10
nZnO+ HA 2.5 92.1 99.0 32.5 360 2.27 2.5/0.6 94.1 99.3 69.3 650 2.17
Tab.1  The coagulation performance of PAC and PAC-Ep for various synthetic wastewater
Fig.1  FTIR spectrum of Ep, HA and flocs in coagulation process
Fig.2  NMR spectra: Spectra were performed on a Bruker AV 500 NMR spectrometer. Chemical shifts are given in values of d (ppm), referenced to residual solvent signals (4.79 ppm for 1H in D2O). (a) 13C NMR spectrum; (b) 1H NMR spectrum. And (c) 27Al solid NMR spectrum
Positions 1H 13C
δ (Integral, multiplicity) δ (ppm)
1 1.33 (s) 215.47
2 1.91 (s) 102
3 3.33-3.93 (m) 67.82
4 3.93-4.44 (m) 30.21
5 4.46-4.62 (m) 24.98
6 4.79 (100H, s) -
Tab.2  1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra data of Ep in D2O
Fig.3  XPS spectra of Ep: (a) O 1s; (b) C 1s.
Fig.4  Structure demonstration of Ep molecule
Wavenumber/cm1 Vibration
3413 -OH stretching
2924 C-H stretching
1640 C=O stretching
1420 C-H change angle
1260 S=O stretching of sulfate group
1052 C-O stretching of C-O-C
847 C-O-S stretching
Tab.3  Infrared adsorption bands of Ep
Ep dosage 0 mg/L 0.2 mg/L 0.4 mg/L 0.6 mg/L 0.8 mg/L 1 mg/L
PAC (6 mg/L) 11.00 3.20 0.13 -1.40 -6.60 -17.30
PAC (8 mg/L) 14.9 5.86 1.77 -1.02 -7.93 -18.40
Tab.4  Zeta potential of PAC-Ep coagulation (mV)
Fig.5  Mechanism of removing nanoparticles and heavy metal ions with PAC-Ep
Fig.6  SEM of flocs at magnification 80000 ×: (a) PAC only coagulation; (b) PAC-Ep coagulation
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