Reduction of wastewater toxicity and change of microbial community in a hydrolysis acidification reactor pre-treating trimethylolpropane wastewater

doi:10.1007/s11783-018-1055-6

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

2018, Vol. 12

Issue (6) : 12 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-018-1055-6

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Reduction of wastewater toxicity and change of microbial community in a hydrolysis acidification reactor pre-treating trimethylolpropane wastewater

Xin Xing^1,², Yin Yu², Hongbo Xi²(

), Guangqing Song², Yajiao Wang¹, Jiane Zuo¹, Yuexi Zhou²

¹. State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
². Research Center of Water Pollution Control Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China

Download: PDF(751 KB) HTML
Export: BibTeX | EndNote | Reference Manager | ProCite | RefWorks

Abstract

HAP was verified to reduce the toxicity of TMP wastewater effectively.

Actual TMP wastewater was fed in HAP with different dilution ratios for 240 days.

Formaldehyde, 2-ethylacrolein, TMP and 2-ethylhexanol were all greatly removed.

Firmicutes became the dominant phylum (the abundance increased to 57.08%).

Trimethylolpropane (TMP) wastewater is one of the most toxic petrochemical wastewater. Toxicants with high concentrations in TMP wastewater often inhibit the activity of microorganisms associated with biological treatment processes. The hydrolysis acidification process (HAP) is widely used to pre-treat petrochemical wastewater. However, the effects of HAP on the reduction of wastewater toxicity and the relevant underlying mechanisms have rarely been reported. In this study, an HAP reactor was operated for 240 days, fed with actual TMP wastewater diluted by tap water in varying ratios. The toxicity of TMP wastewater was assessed with the inhibition ratio of oxygen uptake rate. When the organic loading rates were lower than 7.5 kg COD/m³/d, the toxicity of TMP wastewater was completely eliminated. When the actual TMP wastewater was directly fed into the reactor, the toxicity of TMP wastewater decreased from 100% to 34.9%. According to the results of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, four main toxicants contained in TMP wastewater, namely, formaldehyde, 2-ethylacrolein, TMP and 2-ethylhexanol, were all significantly removed, with removal efficiencies of 93.42%, 95.42%, 72.85% and 98.94%, respectively. Compared with the removal efficiency of COD_Cr, the reduction rate of toxicity is markedly higher by HAP. In addition, the change of microbial community in the HAP reactor, along the operation period, was studied. The results revealed that, compared with the seed sludge, Firmicutes became the dominant phylum (abundance increased from 0.51% to 57.08%), followed by Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes (abundance increased from 59.75% to 25.99% and from 4.70% to 8.39%, respectively).

Keywords Trimethylolpropane wastewater Hydrolysis acidification process Toxicity Oxygen uptake rate 16S rDNA

Corresponding Author(s): Hongbo Xi,Yuexi Zhou

Issue Date: 19 August 2018

Cite this article:

Xin Xing,Yin Yu,Hongbo Xi, et al. Reduction of wastewater toxicity and change of microbial community in a hydrolysis acidification reactor pre-treating trimethylolpropane wastewater[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2018, 12(6): 12.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-018-1055-6
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2018/V12/I6/12

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of the HAP reactor

Tab.1 The characteristics of raw TMP wastewater

Fig.2 COD_Cr and TOC organic loading rates in influent and effluent and their removal efficiencies. (a) COD (The OLR was 0.5 kg COD/m³/d for stage I, 1 kg COD/m³/d for stage II, 1.8 kg COD/m³/d for stage III, 2.7 kg COD/m³/d for stage IV, 3.5 kg COD/m³/d for stage V, 5 kg COD/m³/d for stage VI, 7.5 kg COD/m³/d for stage VII and 9 kg COD/m³/d for stage VIII); (b) TOC (The OLR was 0.3 kg TOC/m³/d for stage I, 0.6 kg TOC/m³/d for stage II, 1 kg TOC/m³/d for stage III, 1.5 kg TOC/m³/d for stage IV, 2.1 kg TOC/m³/d for stage V, 2.8 kg TOC/m³/d for stage VI, 3.5 kg TOC/m³/d for stage VII and 3.8 kg TOC/m³/d for stage VIII)

Fig.3 Changes of the organic substances in the influent and effluent. (a) Formaldehyde; (b) TMP; (c) Butanoic acid; (d) 2-Ethylacrolein; (e) 2-Ethylhexanol; (f) 2-Ethylhexanoic acid

Tab.2 Toxicities of the influent and effluent of the hydrolysis acidification process reactor pre-treating TMP wastewater for each stage

Fig.4 Scanning electron micrographs of sludge in HAP reactor on day 0 ((a) and (b)), day 56 ((c) and (d)), and day 212 ((e) and (f))

Tab.3 Characteristics of community diversity in sludge samples

Fig.5 Microbial community structure and diversity of eubacteria at the phylum level (a) and generic level (b). The abundance is presented as the percentage of the total effective eubacterial sequences in each sample

Fig.6 Microbial community structure and diversity of Archaea at the genus level

1	Cetecioglu Z, Ince B, Orhon D, Ince O (2016). Anaerobic sulfamethoxazole degradation is driven by homoacetogenesis coupled with hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis. Water Research, 90: 79–89 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2015.12.013 pmid: 26724442
2	Chen Y, Cheng J J, Creamer K S (2008). Inhibition of anaerobic digestion process: a review. Bioresource Technology, 99(10): 4044–4064 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.01.057 pmid: 17399981
3	Clescerll L S, Greenberg A E, Eaton A D (1985). Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association
4	Foesel B U, Rohde M, Overmann J (2013). Blastocatella fastidiosa gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from semiarid savanna soil- the first described species of Acidobacteria subdivision 4. Systematic and Applied Microbiology, 36(2): 82–89 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.syapm.2012.11.002 pmid: 23266188
5	Gou M, Zeng J, Wang H, Tang Y, Shigematsu T, Morimura S, Kida K (2016). Microbial community structure and dynamics of starch-fed and glucose-fed chemostats during two years of continuous operation. Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering, 10(2): 368–380 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-015-0815-9
6	Guardabassi L, Petersen A, Olsen J E, Dalsgaard A (1998). Antibiotic resistance in Acinetobacter spp. isolated from sewers receiving waste effluent from a hospital and a pharmaceutical plant. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 64(9): 3499–3502 pmid: 9726904
7	Hao J, Wang X, Wang H (2017). Investigation of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) biosynthesis from mixed culture enriched by valerate-dominant hydrolysate. Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering, 11(1): 5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-017-0896-8
8	Huang X, Xiao K, Shen Y (2010). Recent advances in membrane bioreactor technology for wastewater treatment in China. Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China, 4(3): 245–271 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-010-0240-z
9	International Standard Organization (2007). ISO 8192: Water Quality – Test for Inhibition of Oxygen Consumption by Activated Sludge for Carbonaceous and Ammonium Oxidation. Switzerland: International Standard Organization
10	Kindaichi T, Yuri S, Ozaki N, Ohashi A (2012). Ecophysiological role and function of uncultured Chloroflexi in an anammox reactor. Water Science and Technology, 66(12): 2556–2561 https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.479 pmid: 23109570
11	Lei G, Ren H, Ding L, Wang F, Zhang X (2010). A full-scale biological treatment system application in the treated wastewater of pharmaceutical industrial park. Bioresource Technology, 101(15): 5852–5861 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.03.025 pmid: 20335031
12	Li C, Wu H, Yue C (2009). Study on treatment technology of TMP wastewater. Petrochemical Design, 26(4): 49–50
13	Li Y F, Shi J, Nelson M C, Chen P H, Graf J, Li Y, Yu Z (2016). Impact of different ratios of feedstock to liquid anaerobic digestion effluent on the performance and microbiome of solid-state anaerobic digesters digesting corn stover. Bioresource Technology, 200: 744–752 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.10.078 pmid: 26575616
14	Lin Y, He Y, Meng Z, Yang S (2008). Anaerobic treatment of wastewater containing methanol in upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor. Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China, 2(2): 241–246 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-008-0040-x
15	Liu W H, Zhang C G, Gao P F, Liu H, Song Y Q, Yang J F (2017). Advanced treatment of tannery wastewater using the combination of UASB, SBR, electrochemical oxidation and BAF. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire), 92(3): 588–597 https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.5037
16	Liu X, Chen Q, Zhu L (2016). Improving biodegradation potential of domestic wastewater by manipulating the size distribution of organic matter. Journal of Environmental Sciences-China, 47: 174–182 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2016.02.004 pmid: 27593284
17	Lu Z, Hegemann W (1998). Anaerobic toxicity and biodegradation of formaldehyde in batch cultures. Water Research, 32(1): 209–215 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(97)00181-4
18	Ma K, Liu X, Dong X (2005). Methanobacterium beijingense sp. nov., a novel methanogen isolated from anaerobic digesters. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 55(1): 325–329 https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.63254-0 pmid: 15653895
19	Martínez M A, Romero H, Perotti N I (2014). Two amplicon sequencing strategies revealed different facets of the prokaryotic community associated with the anaerobic treatment of vinasses from ethanol distilleries. Bioresource Technology, 153: 388–392 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.12.030 pmid: 24382487
20	McHugh S, Carton M, Mahony T, O’Flaherty V (2003). Methanogenic population structure in a variety of anaerobic bioreactors. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 219(2): 297–304 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1097(03)00055-7 pmid: 12620635
21	Meng F, Wang Y, Huang L N, Li J, Jiang F, Li S, Chen G H (2013). A novel nonwoven hybrid bioreactor (NWHBR) for enhancing simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 110(7): 1903–1912 https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.24866 pmid: 23436222
22	Niu Q, Kobayashi T, Takemura Y, Kubota K, Li Y Y (2015). Evaluation of functional microbial community’s difference in full-scale and lab-scale anaerobic digesters feeding with different organic solid waste: Effects of substrate and operation factors. Bioresource Technology, 193: 110–118 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.05.107 pmid: 26119052
23	Okada D Y, Delforno T P, Etchebehere C, Varesche M B A (2014). Evaluation of the microbial community of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors used for the removal and degradation of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate by pyrosequencing. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 96: 63–70 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2014.09.017
24	Ouyang F, Zhai H, Ji M, Zhang H, Dong Z (2016). Physiological and transcriptional responses of nitrifying bacteria exposed to copper in activated sludge. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 301: 172–178 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.08.039 pmid: 26348150
25	Poirier S, Desmond-Le Quéméner E, Madigou C, Bouchez T, Chapleur O (2016). Anaerobic digestion of biowaste under extreme ammonia concentration: Identification of key microbial phylotypes. Bioresource Technology, 207: 92–101 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2016.01.124 pmid: 26874221
26	Qian Y, Wen X, Huang X (2007). Development and application of some renovated technologies for municipal wastewater treatment in China. Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China, 1(1): 1–12 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-007-0001-9
27	Rivière D, Desvignes V, Pelletier E, Chaussonnerie S, Guermazi S, Weissenbach J, Li T, Camacho P, Sghir A (2009). Towards the definition of a core of microorganisms involved in anaerobic digestion of sludge. The ISME Journal, 3(6): 700–714 https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2009.2 pmid: 19242531
28	Rotaru A E, Shrestha P M, Liu F, Shrestha M, Shrestha D, Embree M, Zengler K, Wardman C, Nevin K P, Lovley D R (2014). A new model for electron flow during anaerobic digestion: direct interspecies electron transfer to Methanosaeta for the reduction of carbon dioxide to methane. Energy & Environmental Science, 7(1): 408–415 https://doi.org/10.1039/C3EE42189A
29	Snaidr J, Amann R, Huber I, Ludwig W, Schleifer K H (1997). Phylogenetic analysis and in situ identification of bacteria in activated sludge. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 63(7): 2884–2896 pmid: 9212435
30	Staley B F, de Los Reyes F L 3rd, Barlaz M A (2011). Effect of spatial differences in microbial activity, pH, and substrate levels on methanogenesis initiation in refuse. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 77(7): 2381–2391 https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02349-10 pmid: 21296940
31	Strong W L (2016). Biased richness and evenness relationships within Shannon–Wiener index values. Ecological Indicators, 67: 703–713 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.03.043
32	Van Aken P, Van den Broeck R, Degrève J, Dewil R (2015). The effect of ozonation on the toxicity and biodegradability of 2,4-dichlorophenol-containing wastewater. Chemical Engineering Journal, 280: 728–736 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2015.06.019
33	Wang K, Li W, Gong X, Li X, Liu W, He C, Wang Z, Minh Q N, Chen C L, Wang J Y (2014). Biological pretreatment of tannery wastewater using a full-scale hydrolysis acidification system. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 95: 41–45 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2014.05.019
34	Wang X, Zeng G, Zhu J (2008). Treatment of jean-wash wastewater by combined coagulation, hydrolysis/acidification and Fenton oxidation. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 153(1–2): 810–816 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.09.030 pmid: 17964716
35	Wang Y, Zhu K, Zheng Y, Wang H, Dong G, He N, Li Q (2011). The effect of recycling flux on the performance and microbial community composition of a biofilm hydrolytic-aerobic recycling process treating anthraquinone reactive dyes. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 16(12): 9838–9849 https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules16129838 pmid: 22117173
36	Wu C, Zhou Y, Wang P, Guo S (2015). Improving hydrolysis acidification by limited aeration in the pretreatment of petrochemical wastewater. Bioresource Technology, 194: 256–262 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.06.072 pmid: 26210137
37	Xie X, Liu N, Yang B, Yu C, Zhang Q, Zheng X, Xu L, Li R, Liu J (2016). Comparison of microbial community in hydrolysis acidification reactor depending on different structure dyes by Illumina MiSeq sequencing. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 111: 14–21 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2016.04.004
38	Xing X, Xi H, Zuo J, Zhou Y, Song G (2017). Determination of the organics in trimethylolpropane wastewater. Analytical Letters, 50(16): 2505–2518 https://doi.org/10.1080/00032719.2017.1315122
39	Yang Q, Xiong P, Ding P, Chu L, Wang J (2015). Treatment of petrochemical wastewater by microaerobic hydrolysis and anoxic/oxic processes and analysis of bacterial diversity. Bioresource Technology, 196(4): 169–175 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.07.087 pmid: 26233329
40	Zhang T, Shao M F, Ye L (2012). 454 pyrosequencing reveals bacterial diversity of activated sludge from 14 sewage treatment plants. The ISME Journal, 6(6): 1137–1147 https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2011.188 pmid: 22170428
41	Zhang Y, Wang X, Hu M, Li P (2015). Effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT) on the biodegradation of trichloroethylene wastewater and anaerobic bacterial community in the UASB reactor. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 99(4): 1977–1987 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-014-6096-6 pmid: 25277413

[1]	Mengjun Chen, Oladele A. Ogunseitan. Zero E-waste: Regulatory impediments and blockchain imperatives[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2021, 15(6): 114-.
[2]	Yi Qian, Weichuan Qiao, Yunhao Zhang. *Toxic effect of sodium perfluorononyloxy-benzenesulfonate on Pseudomonas stutzeri* in aerobic denitrification, cell structure and gene expression**[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2021, 15(5): 100-.
[3]	Mariana Valdez-Castillo, Sonia Arriaga. Response of bioaerosol cells to photocatalytic inactivation with ZnO and TiO₂ impregnated onto Perlite and Poraver carriers[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2021, 15(3): 43-.
[4]	Barsha Roy, Khushboo Kadam, Suresh Palamadai Krishnan, Chandrasekaran Natarajan, Amitava Mukherjee. *Assessing combined toxic effects of tetracycline and P25 titanium dioxide nanoparticles using Allium cepa* bioassay**[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2021, 15(1): 6-.
[5]	Xuewen Yi, Zhanqi Gao, Lanhua Liu, Qian Zhu, Guanjiu Hu, Xiaohong Zhou. Acute toxicity assessment of drinking water source with luminescent bacteria: Impact of environmental conditions and a case study in Luoma Lake, East China[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2020, 14(6): 109-.
[6]	Xuesong Liu, Jianmin Wang. Algae (Raphidocelis subcapitata) mitigate combined toxicity of microplastic and lead on Ceriodaphnia dubia[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2020, 14(6): 97-.
[7]	Shengkun Dong, Chenyue Yin, Xiaohong Chen. Toxicity-oriented water quality engineering[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2020, 14(5): 80-.
[8]	Ting Zhang, Heze Liu, Yiyuan Zhang, Wenjun Sun, Xiuwei Ao. Comparative genotoxicity of water processed by three drinking water treatment plants with different water treatment procedures[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2020, 14(3): 39-.
[9]	Qian-Yuan Wu, Yi-Jun Yan, Yao Lu, Ye Du, Zi-Fan Liang, Hong-Ying Hu. Identification of important precursors and theoretical toxicity evaluation of byproducts driving cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in chlorination[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2020, 14(2): 25-.
[10]	Ravikumar KVG, Debayan Ghosh, Mrudula Pulimi, Chandrasekaran Natarajan, Amitava Mukherjee. In situ formation of bimetallic FeNi nanoparticles on sand through green technology: Application for tetracycline removal[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2020, 14(1): 16-.
[11]	Siyu Chen, Lee Blaney, Ping Chen, Shanshan Deng, Mamatha Hopanna, Yixiang Bao, Gang Yu. Ozonation of the 5-fluorouracil anticancer drug and its prodrug capecitabine: Reaction kinetics, oxidation mechanisms, and residual toxicity[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2019, 13(4): 59-.
[12]	Daoud Ali, Huma Ali, Saud Alifiri, Saad Alkahtani, Abdullah A Alkahtane, Shaik Althaf Huasain. *Detection of oxidative stress and DNA damage in freshwater snail Lymnea leuteola* exposed to profenofos**[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2018, 12(5): 1-.
[13]	Siyi Lu, Naiyu Wang, Can Wang. Oxidation and biotoxicity assessment of microcystin-LR using different AOPs based on UV, O₃ and H₂O₂[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2018, 12(3): 12-.
[14]	Naiyu Wang, Kai Wang, Can Wang. *Comparison of different algicides on growth of Microcystis aeruginosa* and microcystin release, as well as its removal pathway in riverways**[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2017, 11(6): 3-.
[15]	Yang Liu, Martina G. Vijver, Bo Pan, Willie J. G. M. Peijnenburg. Toxicity models of metal mixtures established on the basis of “additivity” and “interactions”[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2017, 11(2): 10-.

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed