Response of indigenous Cd-tolerant electrochemically active bacteria in MECs toward exotic Cr(VI) based on the sensing of fluorescence probes

doi:10.1007/s11783-018-1057-4

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

2018, Vol. 12

Issue (4) : 7 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-018-1057-4

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Response of indigenous Cd-tolerant electrochemically active bacteria in MECs toward exotic Cr(VI) based on the sensing of fluorescence probes

Xia Hou¹, Liping Huang¹(

), Peng Zhou², Hua Xue¹, Ning Li³

¹. Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
². College of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
³. School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China

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Abstract

Cell membrane of indigenous Cd-tolerant EAB harbored more cadmium than chromium.

Indigenous Cd-tolerant EAB cytoplasm located more chromium than cadmium.

Simultaneously quantitatively imaging Cd(II) and Cr(III) ions in EAB was achieved.

Current accelerated the harboring of cadmium in EAB at an initial 2 h.

Current directed the accumulation of more chromium in EAB over time.

Electrochemically active bacteria (EAB) on the cathodes of microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) can remove metals from the catholyte, but the response of these indigenous EAB toward exotic metals has not been examined, particularly from the perspective of the co-presence of Cd(II) and Cr(VI) in a wastewater. Four known indigenous Cd-tolerant EAB of Ochrobactrum sp X1, Pseudomonas sp X3, Pseudomonas delhiensis X5, and Ochrobactrum anthropi X7 removed more Cd(II) and less Cr(VI) in the simultaneous presence of Cd(II) and Cr(VI), compared to the controls with individual Cd(II) or single Cr(VI). Response of these EAB toward exotic Cr(VI) was related to the associated subcellular metal distribution based on the sensing of fluorescence probes. EAB cell membrane harbored more cadmium than chromium and cytoplasm located more chromium than cadmium, among which the imaging of intracelluler Cr(III) ions increased over time, contrary to the decreased trend for Cd(II) ions. Compared to the controls with single Cd(II), exotic Cr(VI) decreased the imaging of Cd(II) ions in the EAB at an initial 2 h and negligibly affected thereafter. However, Cd(II) diminished the imaging of Cr(III) ions in the EAB over time, compared to the controls with individual Cr(VI). Current accelerated the harboring of cadmium at an initial 2 h and directed the accumulation of chromium in EAB over time. This study provides a viable approach for simultaneously quantitatively imaging Cd(II) and Cr(III) ions in EAB and thus gives valuable insights into the response of indigenous Cd-tolerant EAB toward exotic Cr(VI) in MECs.

Keywords Microbial electrolysis cell Electrochemically active bacteria Cd-tolerant bacteria Cd(II) and Cr(VI) Fluorescence probe

Corresponding Author(s): Liping Huang

Online First Date: 20 July 2018 Issue Date: 13 August 2018

Cite this article:

Xia Hou,Liping Huang,Peng Zhou, et al. Response of indigenous Cd-tolerant electrochemically active bacteria in MECs toward exotic Cr(VI) based on the sensing of fluorescence probes[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2018, 12(4): 7.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-018-1057-4
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2018/V12/I4/7

Fig.1 Comparison of (A, C and E) metal removal, and (B, D and F) current and cathode potential in the presence of (A and B) both Cd(II) and Cr(VI), (C and D) single Cd(II), or (E and F) individual Cr(VI) in the electrochemically active bacteria (EAB) or abiotic cathodes of MECs under closed circuit (CCC) or open circuit (OCC) conditions

Fig.2 (A and B) Polarization and power density curves, and (C and D) electrode potentials as a function of current density in (A and C) the simultaneous presence of Cd(II) and Cr(VI), or (B and D) the presence of Cr(VI) only.

Fig.3 (A) Mean fluorescence intensities of the electrochemically active bacteria (EAB) as a function of operation time in the closed circuit conditions (CCC) and compared with the open circuit control (OCC). Error bars indicate standard error of means for at least 60 cells. Fluorescence images of EAB of X1 (B, J, R and Z), X3 (C, K, S and AA), X5 (D, L, T and AB), and X7 (E, M, U and AC) at an operation time of 2 h (B?E), 4 h (J?M), and 5 h (R?U), and compared with the OCC (Z?AC) at 5 h. Overlay of bright-field and fluorescence images for X1 (F, N, V and AD), X3 (G, O, W and AE), X5 (H, P, X and AF), and X7 (I, Q, Y and AG) at an operation time of 2 h (F?I), 4 h (N?Q), or 5 h (V?Y), and compared with the OCC (AD ? AG) at 5 h

Fig.4 SEM images (A, B, C and D) and EDS spectra (E, F, G and H) of electrochemically active bacteria of X1 (A and E), X3 (B and F), X5 (C and G), and X7 (D and H) on the cathodes at the end of one fed-batch cycle

Fig.5 Distribution of (A and E) Cd(II) in the intracellular or periplasmic fractions, or on the cell membrane, or other forms of cadmium (such as precipitates or complex), (C and G) Cr(III) or Cr (VI) in the intracellular or periplasmic fractions, or on the cell membrane, or other forms of chromium (such as precipitates or complexes) in the presence of (A and C) both Cd(II) and Cr(VI), (E) individual Cd(II), or (F) single Cr(VI). Measured concentrations of (B and F) cadmium and (D and H) chromium in the catholyte or in the biofilm, with the balance (based on the mass added) assumed to be adsorbed to the electrode (electrode-adsorbed) in the presence of (B and D) both Cd(II) and Cr(VI), (F) individual Cd(II), or (H) single Cr(VI)

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