Characterization of CANON reactor performance and microbial community shifts with elevated COD/N ratios under a continuous aeration mode

doi:10.1007/s11783-019-1095-6

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

2019, Vol. 13

Issue (1) : 7 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-019-1095-6

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Characterization of CANON reactor performance and microbial community shifts with elevated COD/N ratios under a continuous aeration mode

Yao Zhang, Yayi Wang(

), Yuan Yan, Haicheng Han, Min Wu

State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China

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Abstract

COD/N at low ratios (0–0.82) improved N removals of CANON.

CANON performance decreased after COD/N up to 0.82.

The relative abundance of AOB decreased continuously with increasing COD/N.

AOB outcompeted at a high COD load led to CANON failure.

The relative abundance of AnAOB decreased and increased with increasing COD/N.

The effects of increasing COD/N on nitrogen removal performance and microbial structure were investigated in a SBR adopting a completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite process with a continuous aeration mode (DO at approximately 0.15–0.2 mg/L). As the COD/N increased from 0.1 to≤0.59, the nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) increased from 88.7% to 95.5%; while at COD/N ratios of 0.59–0.82, the NRE remained at 90.7%–95.5%. As the COD/N increased from 0.82 to 1.07, the NRE decreased continuously until reaching 60.1%. Nitrosomonas sp. (AOB) and Candidatus Jettenia (anammox bacteria) were the main functional genera in the SBR. As the COD/N increased from 0.10 to 1.07, the relative abundance of Nitrosomonas decreased from 13.4% to 2.0%, while that of Candidatus Jettenia decreased from 35% to 9.9% with COD/N<0.82 then increased to 45.4% at a COD/N of 1.07. Aerobic heterotrophic bacteria outcompeted AOB at high COD loadings (650 mg/L) because of oxygen competition, which ultimately led to deteriorated nitrogen removal performance.

Keywords CANON process COD/N ratio Anammox Ammonia oxidizing bacteria Aerobic heterotrophic bacteria

Corresponding Author(s): Yayi Wang

Issue Date: 03 December 2018

Cite this article:

Yao Zhang,Yayi Wang,Yuan Yan, et al. Characterization of CANON reactor performance and microbial community shifts with elevated COD/N ratios under a continuous aeration mode[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2019, 13(1): 7.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-019-1095-6
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2019/V13/I1/7

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of the experimental device (a SBR with a continuous aeration mode).

Tab.1 Operational parameters of the reactor in different stages

Fig.2 Variations in COD/N (a), nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N, NO₃^--N and NO₂^--N) (b) and TNRR and NRE (c) during long-term operation. The red dash line in c) represents the average NRE at each operational phase.

Fig.3 Variations in nitrogen and COD concentrations in typical SBR cycles at different COD/N ratios. a) day 11 (phase I); b) day 35 (phase II); c) day 48 (phase III); d) day 61 (phase IV); e) day 76 (phase V); f) day 96 (phase V). The shadow area represents anoxic stage.

Fig.4 Variations in microbial activities of functional bacteria in the studied CANON at different COD/N ratios. OUR: the oxygen uptake rate; OUR_H: the oxygen uptake rate of heterotrophic bacteria; OUR_A: the AOB oxygen uptake rate. SOUR: specific oxygen uptake rate; AA: anammox activity; SAA: specific anammox activity.

Tab.2 Alpha-diversity of samples H1–H8

Fig.5 Histogram of bacterial flora distribution of sludge samples at the phylum level (a) and the genus level (b). The influent COD/N ratios of samples H1, H2, H3 and H4 were 0.10, 0.28, 0.59, and 0.82, respectively, while H5, H6, H7 and H8 were collected at a COD/N ratio of 1.07.

Fig.6 RDA analysis of the bacterial population structures in sludge samples collected at different COD/N ratios. The influent COD/N ratios of samples H1, H2, H3 and H4 were 0.10, 0.28, 0.59, and 0.82, respectively, while H5, H6, H7 and H8 were collected at a COD/N ratio of 1.07.

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