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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering

ISSN 2095-2201

ISSN 2095-221X(Online)

CN 10-1013/X

Postal Subscription Code 80-973

2018 Impact Factor: 3.883

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.    2019, Vol. 13 Issue (4) : 57    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-019-1141-4
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Attached cultivation of Scenedesmus sp. LX1 on selected solids and the effect of surface properties on attachment
Victor M. Deantes-Espinosa1, Tian-Yuan Zhang1, Xiao-Xiong Wang1, Yinhu Wu1, Guo-Hua Dao1, Hong-Ying Hu1,2()
1. Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (MARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
2. Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Abstract

Attachment of Scenedesmus sp. LX1 was tested on certain materials.

A criterion for selection of materials was used to choose seven materials.

The amount of S. sp. LX1 attached on polyurethane foam was 51.74 mg/L.

Materials’ surface influenced the attachment of microalgae.

Hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties also affected the attachment of S. sp. LX1.

Attached cultivation systems in the literature do not present a methodology to screen materials for microalgal growth. Hence, a method is needed to find suitable materials for attached cultivation that may enhance attachment of microalgae. In this paper, we have tested seven materials culturing Scenedesmus sp. LX1 (S. sp. LX1) to evaluate the attachment of microalgae on the material surface, its growth in suspension phase and the properties of the materials. Two materials showed attachment of S. sp. LX1, polyurethane foam and loofah sponge, and allowed microalgae to grow both in the surface of the material and suspended phase. Polyurethane foam proved to be a good material for attachment of S. sp. LX1 and the amount of attached microalgae obtained was 51.73 mg/L when adding 100 pieces/L. SEM images showed that the surface and the pore size of the materials affected the attachment of the microalgae, increasing its attachment in scaffold-like materials. Furthermore, the hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties of the materials also affected the attachment of microalgae. This research can be used as a methodology to search for the assessment of a material suitable for attachment of microalgae.

Keywords Attached cultivation      Microalgae      Material properties      Polyurethane      Scenedesmus     
Corresponding Author(s): Hong-Ying Hu   
Issue Date: 18 June 2019
 Cite this article:   
Victor M. Deantes-Espinosa,Tian-Yuan Zhang,Xiao-Xiong Wang, et al. Attached cultivation of Scenedesmus sp. LX1 on selected solids and the effect of surface properties on attachment[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2019, 13(4): 57.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-019-1141-4
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2019/V13/I4/57
Fig.1  Selection criterion of materials for attached cultivation with S. sp. LX1.
Material Shape Size (Apparent) Density
(kg/m3)
Polyurethane foam Cube 1 cm3 20.88±0.08
Loofah sponge Rectangular prism 1 cm3 350 to 650a)
Konjac sponge Cube 1 cm3 53.38±4.22
Pine wood Cylinder ? = 1 cm, h= 1 cm 653.66±25.92
Cork oak Cube 1 cm3 214.74±10.16
Vulcanized rubber Cube 1 cm3 1535.04±71.74
Activated carbon Cylinder ? = 0.4 cm, h= 1 cm 1800 to 2000b)
Tab.1  Properties of materials tested as carriers with S. sp. LX1
Fig.2  Suspended S. sp. LX1 using 7 materials for attached growth. Figure 2(a) shows the materials that allowed growth of microalgae: activated carbon, cork oak, loofah sponge and polyurethane foam; Figure 2(b) shows the cell density of materials that inhibited the growth of microalgae: konjac sponge, vulcanized rubber, and pine wood.
Fig.3  Dry weight of biomass attached to polyurethane foam, loofah sponge, activated carbon, and cork oak. Attached microalga was possible to be measured on loofah sponge after the second day of cultivation while for polyurethane sponge it was possible after the fourth day of cultivation.
Fig.4  S. sp. LX1 cultivated with polyurethane foam during the cultivation with BG11 medium. The dry weight of the attached and suspended phases at the end of the cultivation (Fig. 4(a)), and the cell density of suspended phase (Fig. 4(b)).
Fig.5  S. sp. LX1 cultivated with loofah sponge in BG11 medium. The dry weight of the attached and suspended phases at the end of the cultivation (Fig. 5(a)), and the cell density of suspended phase (Fig. 5(b)).
Fig.6  SEM images at × 50 of materials used as carriers. (a) Polyurethane foam, (b) loofah sponge, (c) cork oak, and (d) activated carbon.
Fig.7  Contact angle of materials tested for attachment of S. sp. LX1 (red dots). Polyurethane (PU), polyethylene (PE) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) (black dots) by Irving and Allen (2011) for C. vulgaris (blue font) and S. obliquus (purple font).
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