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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering

ISSN 2095-2201

ISSN 2095-221X(Online)

CN 10-1013/X

Postal Subscription Code 80-973

2018 Impact Factor: 3.883

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.    2019, Vol. 13 Issue (5) : 73    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-019-1152-1
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Electrocoagulation process for the treatment of metal-plating wastewater: Kinetic modeling and energy consumption
Fatih Ilhan(), Kubra Ulucan-Altuntas, Yasar Avsar, Ugur Kurt, Arslan Saral
Environmental Engineering Department, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler/Istanbul 34220, Turkey
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Abstract

The wastewater from industrial area was treated by EC via Fe and Al electrodes.

Cu, Ni, Cr and Zn were highly removed at the first minutes, simultaneously.

Pseudo-2nd-order was found to be more suitable for kinetics.

Adsorption capacities based on kinetic modeling were observed as Cr>Cu>Ni>Zn.

The chemical cost in the case of pH adjustment after EC was less as 3.83 $/m3.

It is known that wastewater produced by the metal-plating industry contains several heavy metals, which are acidic in nature and therefore toxic for the environment and for living creatures. In particular, heavy metals enter the food chain and accumulate in vital organs and cause serious illness. The precipitation of these metals is mostly achieved by pH adjustment, but as an alternative to this method, the electrocoagulation process has investigated in this study using iron and aluminum electrodes. The effects of the pH adjustment on removal before and after the electrocoagulation process were investigated, and cost analyses were also compared. It was observed that a high proportion of removal was obtained during the first minutes of the electrocoagulation process; thus, the current density did not have a great effect. In addition, the pH adjustment after the electrocoagulation process using iron electrodes, which are 10% more effective than aluminum electrodes, was found to be much more efficient than before the electrocoagulation process. In the process where kinetic modeling was applied, it was observed that the heavy metal removal mechanism was not solely due to the collapse of heavy metals at high pH values, and with this modeling, it was seen that this mechanism involved adsorption by iron and aluminum hydroxides formed during the electrocoagulation process. When comparing the ability of heavy metals to be adsorbed, the sequence was observed to be Cr>Cu>Ni>Zn, respectively.

Keywords Electrochemical treatment      Heavy metals      Kinetic modeling      Pseudo first order kinetic      Pseudo second order kinetic     
Corresponding Author(s): Fatih Ilhan   
Issue Date: 23 September 2019
 Cite this article:   
Fatih Ilhan,Kubra Ulucan-Altuntas,Yasar Avsar, et al. Electrocoagulation process for the treatment of metal-plating wastewater: Kinetic modeling and energy consumption[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2019, 13(5): 73.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-019-1152-1
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2019/V13/I5/73
Parameter Wastewater characterization
COD (mg/L) 2100±100
Sulfate (mg/L) 1500±50
Chloride (mg/L) 2500±200
Conductivity (mS/cm) 15±5
Cr (Total) (mg/L) 250±10
Cr+6 (mg/L) 35±2
Ni (mg/L) 75±5
Cu (mg/L) 75±5
Zn (mg/L) 35±3
Pb (mg/L) <0.1
Fe (mg/L) <0.1
Cd (mg/L) <0.1
pH 1.8±0.1
Tab.1  Characteristics  of industrial wastewater of raw metal coating
Fig.1  Schematic  diagram of electrocoagulation process (1: EC Cell, 2: Electrodes, 3: Power Supply, 4: Magnetic Stirrer, 5: pH meter).
Fig.2  The  effect of current density on COD removal for iron and aluminum electrode (Reaction time 15 min, pH 1.8, sample volume 500 mL).
Fig.3  pH  effluent values at the end of EC applied with original initial pH.
Fig.4  The  effect of electrode type on COD removal with electrocoagulation (V: 500 mL, pH; ~1.8, Current density: 100 A/m2).
Fig.5  The  effect of electrode type on (a) Copper, (b) Nickel, (c) Total Chromium and (d) Zinc removal with electrocoagulation (V: 500 mL, pH; ~1.8, Current density: 100 A/m2).
pH COD (%) Cu (%) Ni (%) Total Cr (%) Zn (%)
Before EC After EC Before EC After EC Before EC After EC Before EC After EC Before EC After EC
6 55.3 65 30.4 90.5 49.6 47.8 97.7 97.6 94 91.1
7 50 65 26.5 90.9 46.2 65.7 97.3 97.3 98.1 93.6
8 45.5 67 26.6 91.7 56 72 95 96.9 98.3 93.9
9 38 69 19.8 92.5 28.4 72.3 94 96.4 97.7 94.2
10 30.1 89 17.9 93 27.8 79.2 93 96.5 98.9 94.4
12 32.9 89 66.4 93 61.6 79 93.9 96.4 96 95.1
Tab.2  The  effect of pH adjustment before EC and pH adjustment after EC on the pollutant removal (V: 500 mL, Reaction time: 15 min, Iron electrode, Current Density: 100 A/m2)
Parameter Pseudo 1st order Pseudo 2nd order
R2 qe1
(mg/g)
k1
(min-1)
R2 qe2
(mg/g)
k2
(g/mg/min)
COD 0.936 9418.84 0.993 0.978 282.3 -0.00002
Cu 0.936 666.04 0.993 0.976 19.36 -0.0003
Ni 0.968 578.94 0.993 0.972 18.21 -0.0003
Cr 0.956 2259.01 0.993 0.957 58.96 -0.0001
Zn 0.950 419.00 0.992 0.967 11.59 -0.0004
Tab.3  Pseudo  1st order and Pseudo 2nd order kinetic modeling for EC prosess
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