Impacts of emissions and meteorological changes on China’s ozone pollution in the warm seasons of 2013 and 2017

doi:10.1007/s11783-019-1160-1

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

2019, Vol. 13

Issue (5) : 76 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-019-1160-1

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Impacts of emissions and meteorological changes on China’s ozone pollution in the warm seasons of 2013 and 2017

Dian Ding¹, Jia Xing^1,²(

), Shuxiao Wang^1,²(

), Xing Chang¹, Jiming Hao^1,²

¹. State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
². State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China

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Abstract

O₃ increment is mainly caused by changes in meteorology rather than emissions.

Emission reduction is effective to reduce O₃ nationwide, especially in summer.

Strengthened NO_x controls are necessary to meet the ambient O₃ standard.

We have quantified the impacts of anthropogenic emissions reductions caused by the Air Pollution Control Action Plan and changes in meteorological fields between 2013 and 2017 on the warm-season O₃ concentration in China using a regional 3D chemical transport model. We found that the impact on daily maximum eight-hour (MDA8) O₃ concentration by the meteorological variation that mostly increased O₃ was greater than that from emission reduction, which decreased O₃. Specifically, the control measures implemented since 2013 in China have reduced SO₂, NO_x, PM_2.5, and VOC emissions by 33%, 25%, 30%, and 4% in 2017, while NH₃ emissions have increased by 7%. The changes in anthropogenic emissions lowered MDA8 O₃ by 0.4–3.7 ppb (0.8%–7.6%, varying by region and month), although MDA8 O₃ was increased slightly in some urban areas (i.e. North China) at the beginning/end of warm seasons. Relative to 2013, the average 2 m temperature in 2017 shows increments in North, North-east, East, and South China (0.34℃–0.83℃) and decreases in Central China (0.24℃). The average solar radiation shows increments in North, North-east, and South China (7.0–9.7 w/m²) and decreases in Central, South-west, and North-west China (4.7–10.3 w/m²). The meteorological differences significantly change MDA8 O₃ by -3.5–8.5 ppb (-8.2%–18.8%) with large temporal variations. The average MDA8 O₃ was slightly increased in North, North-east, East, and South China. The response surface model suggests that the O₃ formation regime transfers from NO_x-saturated in April to NO_x-limited in July on average in China.

Keywords O₃ pollution Meteorological influences Emission reduction NO_x VOC

Corresponding Author(s): Jia Xing,Shuxiao Wang

Issue Date: 14 October 2019

Cite this article:

Dian Ding,Jia Xing,Shuxiao Wang, et al. Impacts of emissions and meteorological changes on China’s ozone pollution in the warm seasons of 2013 and 2017[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2019, 13(5): 76.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-019-1160-1
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2019/V13/I5/76

Fig.1 The changes of AvgMDA8 O₃ in warm-seasons due to (a) DTOT change, (b) DTmet-drive, (c) DMet-drive, (e) DBio-drive, and (f) DEmis-drive. (d) The change of ISOP emissions associated with the variation of meteorology in 2017 relative to 2013.

Fig.2 The difference of (left) temperature (℃) and (right) RGRND (w/m²) between 2013 and 2017 ( = 2017 – 2013) during the warm season.

Fig.3 The AvgMDA8 O₃ response to meteorological fields (red) and anthropogenic emissions (blue) in April–September. Boxes show the range of the 5th and 95th percentile values and the whiskers are max and min values. The segment inside the rectangle is the median value.

Fig.4 AvgMDA8 O₃ isopleths (ppb) for April (a and c) and July (b and d) in China (a and b) and Beijing (c and d). Circles (a–d) are the NO_x and VOCs emission ratios in 2013 and triangles (a–d) are the emission ratios in 2017. The black dashed lines (a and c) are the ridgelines. In addition, the O₃ concentrations in Beijing are shown under different NO_x and VOCs reduction pathways (VOCs reduction/NO_x reduction= 3:1 (gray), 2:1 (orange), 1:1 (light blue), 1:2 (yellow), 1:3 (dark blue)) in April (e) and July (f).

Fig.5 Spatial distribution of PR in China in (a) April and (b) July. PR changes from 0 to 2 indicate that the O₃ chemistry will go through a transition from a NO_x-saturated regime to a NO_x-limited regime

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