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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering

ISSN 2095-2201

ISSN 2095-221X(Online)

CN 10-1013/X

Postal Subscription Code 80-973

2018 Impact Factor: 3.883

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.    2015, Vol. 9 Issue (3) : 494-505    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-013-0609-x
RESEARCH ARTICLE
An enhanced environmental multimedia modeling system based on fuzzy-set approach: I. Theoretical framework and model development
Chesheng ZHAN1,Rongrong ZHANG2,Xiaomeng SONG3,4,*(),Baolin LIU5
1. Key Laboratory of Water Cycle & Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
2. Department of Building and Transportation Engineering, Beijing Urban Construction School, Beijing 100026, China
3. State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China
4. Research Center for Climate Change, Ministry of Water Resources, Nanjing 210029, China
5. School of Marine Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
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Abstract

Multimedia environmental modeling is extremely complex due to the intricacy of the systems with the consideration of many related factors. Traditional environmental multimedia models (EMMs) are usually based on one-dimensional and first-order assumptions, which may cause numerical errors in the simulation results. In this study, a new user-friendly fuzzy-set enhanced environmental multimedia modeling system (FEEMMS) is developed, and includes four key modules: an air dispersion module, a polluting source module, an unsaturated zone module, and a groundwater module. Many improvements over previous EMMs have been achieved through dynamically quantifying the intermedia mass flux; incorporating fuzzy-set approach into environmental multimedia modeling system (EMMS); and designing a user-friendly graphic user interface (GUI). The developed FEEMMS can be a useful tool in estimating the time-varying and spatial-varying chemical concentrations in air, soil, and groundwater; characterizing the potential risk to human health presented by contaminants released from a contaminated site; and quantifying the uncertainties associated with modeling systems and subsequently providing robustness and flexibility for the remediation-related decision making.

Keywords environmental multimedia modelling      fuzzy-set approach      theoretical framework      environmental protection     
Corresponding Author(s): Xiaomeng SONG   
Online First Date: 03 December 2013    Issue Date: 30 April 2015
 Cite this article:   
Chesheng ZHAN,Rongrong ZHANG,Xiaomeng SONG, et al. An enhanced environmental multimedia modeling system based on fuzzy-set approach: I. Theoretical framework and model development[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2015, 9(3): 494-505.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-013-0609-x
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2015/V9/I3/494
Fig.1  A fuzzy-set enhanced EMMS
Fig.2  Testing of the developed EMMS
module symbol (units) parameters value symbol (units) parameters value
landfill module D g a /(m2·d-1) the gaseous diffusion coefficient in air 0.752 Ay /m length orthogonal to groundwater flow 100
Koc/(m3·kg-1) organic carbon partition coefficient 8.2 × 10-2 Ax /m length parallel to groundwater flow 100
KH Henry’s law constant 0.22 a the volumetric air content of the soil 0.2
t /d half-life 365 q volumetric water content at field capacity 0.3
foc organic carbon fraction 0.0125 rb (kg/m3) bulk density 1350
D l w /(m2·d-1) the liquid diffusion coefficient in water 8.81 × 10-5 L /m landfill depth 1
vL/(m·d-1) liquid velocity 0.005 d /m the thickness of cover 0.05
vG/(m·d-1) gaseous velocity 0.005
unsaturated zone module DL/(m2·d-1) coefficient of longitudinal dispersion 0.0192 runsat (kg/m3) bulk density of unsaturated zone 1590
DT/(m2·d-1) coefficient of transverse dispersion 0.0027 tunsat /d half-life in unsaturated zone 365
v/(m·d-1) average velocity of fluid 0.005 zwt /m water table depth 3.5
jun porosity 0.4
saturated zone module Vd/(m·d-1) darcy velocity 0.03 tsat /d half-life 365
rsat/(kg·m-3) bulk density 1590 ax /m dispersivity in x direction 3
jsat porosity 0.4 ay /m dispersivity in y direction 0.3
?ocsat organic carbon fraction 0.0125 az /m dispersivity in z direction 0.03
air module ?(j) annual wind speed frequency 0.13 w /(m·s-1) annual wind speed 4.3
Tab.1  Input parameters for the EMMS
modeling evaluation time /d concentration /(g·m-3) aqueous phase diffusive flux /(g·m-2·d-1) aqueous and/or gaseous phase advective flux /(g·m-2·d-1) gaseous phase diffusive flux /(g·m-2·d-1) total phase flux /(g·m-2·d-1)
landfill zone output 0 0.694 3.29E-5 1.55E-3 0.016 0.0176
365 0.105 0 2.35E-4 0 2.35E-4
unsaturated zone output 0 0 0 0 0
365 3.83E-3 9.0E-5 1.91E-5 1.09E-4
saturated zone output x = 50 m y = 80 m 365 6.15E-017
emission flux from landfill cover 0 2.15E-2
365 1.48E-4
concentration in air at x = 500 m 365 1.85E-10
Tab.2  Outputs of modeling results
Fig.3  Concentration profile at landfill bottom and the leachate mass flux: (a) landfill module concentration profile; (b) landfill module leachate flux
Fig.4  Concentration profile at unsaturated zone bottom and the contaminant mass flux: (a) vadoze module concentration profile; (b) vadoze module leachate flux
Fig.5  Simulation output results from EMMS: (a) concentration contour in groundwater; (b) emission flux from landfill cover; (c) concentration profile in air
Fig.6  A new FEEMMS system with graphic user interface: (a) schematic of system design; (b) an example of the system interface
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