Frontiers in Biology provides a forum for a broad range of invited and unsolicited high quality critical review papers, in English, on the latest advances in all areas of Biology in order to promote rapid communication and the exchange of ideas among biologists all around the world. Frontiers in Biology also publishes, from time to time, original scientific research, short communications, selected topics, timely reviews, mini-reviews, and a section devoted to correspondence and comments. The primary criterion for publication is that the articles present new insights that are of broad interest to biological scientists, biomedical scientists, and health professionals with a presentation style appropriate for a wide audience of biologists. This includes biological research in the disciplines of genetics and genomics, proteomics, neurobiology, cell and developmental biology, biochemistry and molecular biology, medical biology, microbiology, immunology, and plane sciences.