1. Mechanical Engineering, University Institute of Engineering & Technology; Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India 2. Mechanical Engineering, Guru Jambheshwar University of Sciences and Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
Greenhouse technology is a practical option for the production and drying of agricultural products in controlled environment. For the successful design of a greenhouse, the selection of a suitable shape and orientation is of great importance. Of various shapes of greenhouses, the even-span roof and the Quonset shape greenhouses are the most commonly used for crop cultivation and drying. The orientation of greenhouses is kept east–west for maximum utilization of solar radiations. Hybrid and modified greenhouse dryers have been proposed for drying of products. The agricultural products dried in greenhouses are found to be better in quality as compared to open sun drying because they are protected from dust, rain, insects, birds and animals. Moreover, various greenhouses shapes along with their applications have been reviewed.
The geodesic dome solar greenhouse dryer was designed and tested for drying grapes under natural and forced modes. Fresh air was heated between the outer shell and the black absorber inner shell and passed through the grapes for the drying purpose
[75]
2
Even-span, uneven-span, modified arch, vinery and modified IARI
Various shapes of greenhouses were studied. The effect of north wall was also evaluated. Modified arch and vinery shape greenhouses were found to be most suitable in terms of room temperature and thermal load levelling
[76]
3
Even-span, uneven-span and modified IARI
The uneven-span greenhouse was proposed from the heating point of view
[77]
4
Even-span, uneven- span, vinery, modified arch and Quonset
Various shapes and orientation of greenhouses were studied. The uneven-span shape greenhouse was reported to receive the maximum and Quonset shapes the minimum solar radiations during each month of the year at all latitudes
[14]
5
Uneven shape greenhouse
A model was developed to analyze the optimum orientation of an uneven shape greenhouse. The east–west orientation was reported to be most suitable orientation for greenhouses
[78]
6
Mansard roof
A low cost solar active water heating system was proposed to increase night temperature and to avoid freezing inside greenhouses
[79]
7
Mansard roof greenhouse
The Mansard roof greenhouse for the climatic conditions of Nepal was presented
[80]
8
Mansord roof/chapel shape greenhouse
The thermal analysis of a solar air heater with a latent storage collector (SAHLSC) in the east–west oriented mansard roof greenhouse was carried out
[81–84]
9
Chapel shaped greenhouse
The effect of nocturnal shutter and the heat provided by a solar air heater with a latent heat storage collector inside a chapel shaped insulated greenhouse in the climatic condition of Tunisia was studied
[85]
10
Solar tunnel greenhouse
A mathematical study was carried out to describe the drying performance of drying red sweet pepper in a solar tunnel greenhouse. The dryer was considered as a collector and the output temperature was observed to be directly proportional to incident global radiations
[86]
11
Solar tunnel greenhouse
A comprehensive review of research and development on solar tunnel greenhouse dryers were presented
[87]
12
Semi cylindrical roof greenhouse
New approach for drying pork in semi cylindrical roof solar greenhouse was proposed in the climatic conditions of Thailand
[88]
13
Modified gothic arch greenhouse
A modified gothic arch greenhouse dryer was presented. A model for greenhouse climate enabling the optimization of the cover and ventilation rate was also developed
[89]
14
Modified arched greenhouse
A mathematical model was developed to predict the thermal efficiency of a novel hybrid solar energy saving system inside a heated polyethylene modified arched greenhouse
[90]
15
Single slope greenhouse
A solar air heater to heat the greenhouse air temperature was presented
[15]
16
Single slope PVT thermal greenhouse
A semi-transparent PVT greenhouse was investigated and the numbers of fans were optimized
[91]
17
Single slope hybrid photovoltaic (PVT) greenhouse solar dryer
A mixed mode hybrid PVT greenhouse solar dryer was proposed for drying of grape.
[16]
18
Sandwich greenhouse
A novel forced convection sandwich greenhouse for drying of rubber sheets was proposed
[92]
Tab.1
Fig.3
A
Area/m2
C
Specific heat/(J·kg–1·°C–1)
F
Fraction of solar radiation
g
Acceleration due to gravity/(m·s–2)
ΔH
Difference in pressure head/m
hc
Convective heat transfer coefficient of crop/(W·m–2·°C–1)
I
Solar radiation on greenhouse wall/(W·m–2)
M
Mass/kg
N
Number of air passes per hour
P(T)
Partial vapor pressure at temperature T/(N·m–2)
ΔP
Difference in partial pressure/(N·m–2)
U
Overall heat loss/(W·m–2·°C–1)
Greek letters
α
Absorptivity of the crop surface
γ
Relative humidity of air/%
ρ
Density of air/(kg·m–3)
τ
Transmissivity of greenhouse cover
Subscripts
amb
Ambient
c
Crop
ghf
Greenhouse floor
ghr
Greenhouse room air
ghfr
Greenhouse floor to room
g∞
Greenhouse floor to underground
Greenhouse floor surface
1
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M K Ghosal, G N Tiwari, K P Das, K P Pandey. Modeling and comparative thermal performance of ground air collector and earth air heater exchanger for heating of greenhouse. Energy and Building, 2005, 37(6): 613–621 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2004.09.004
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G N Tiwari, S Kumar, O Prakash. Evaluation of convective mass transfer coefficient during drying of jaggery. Journal of Food Engineering, 2004, 63(2): 219–227 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2003.07.003
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A Kumar, G N Tiwari. Effect of shape and size on convective mass transfer coefficient during greenhouse drying (GHD) of Jaggery. Journal of Food Engineering, 2006, 73(2): 121–134 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2005.01.011
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A Kumar, G N Tiwari. Thermal modelling of natural convection greenhouse drying systems for jaggery: an experimental validation. Solar Energy, 2006, 80(9): 1135–1144 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2005.09.011
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A Kumar, G N Tiwari. Effect of mass on convective mass transfer coefficient during open sun and greenhouse drying of onion flakes. Journal of Food Engineering, 2007, 79(4): 1337–1350 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2006.04.026
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T Das, G N Tiwari. Heat and mass transfer of greenhouse fish drying under forced convection mode. International Journal of Agricultural Research, 2008, 3(1): 69–76 https://doi.org/10.3923/ijar.2008.69.76
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P Barnwal, G N Tiwari. Grape drying by using hybrid photovoltaic-thermal (PV/T) greenhouse dryer: an experimental study. Solar Energy, 2008, 82(12): 1131–1144 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2008.05.012
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B Sarkar and G N Tiwari. Thermal modeling a greenhouse fish pond system. Agricultural Engineering International: the CIGR Ejournal, 2009, 7: 1–18
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