Nowadays, internal combustion engine vehicles are considered as one of the major contributors to air pollution. To make transportation more environmentally friendly, plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) have been proposed. However, with an increase in the number of PEVs, the drawbacks associated with the cost and size, as well as charging cables of batteries have arisen. To address these challenges, a novel technology named wireless charging system has been recently recommended. This technology rapidly evolves and becomes very attractive for charging operations of electric vehicles. Currently, wireless charging systems offer highly efficient power transfer over the distances ranging from several millimeters to several hundred millimeters. This paper is focused on analyzing electromagnetically coupled resonant wireless technique used for the charging of EVs. The resonant wireless charging system for EVs is modeled, simulated, and then examined by changing different key parameters to evaluate how transfer distance, load, and coil’s geometry, precisely number of coin’s turns, coin’s shape, and inter-turn distance, influence the efficiency of the charging process. The simulation results are analyzed and critical dimensions are discussed. It is revealed that a proper choice of the dimensions, inter-turn distance, and transfer distance between the coils can result in a significant improvement in charging efficiency. Furthermore, the influence of the transfer distance, frequency, load, as well as the number of the turns of the coil on the performance of wireless charging system is the main focus of this paper.
LU M., JUNUSSOV A., BAGHERI M.. 电动汽车无线充电系统谐振耦合线圈结构分析:仿真分析[J]. Frontiers in Energy, 2020, 14(1): 152-165.
M. LU, A. JUNUSSOV, M. BAGHERI. Analysis of resonant coupling coil configurations of EV wireless charging system: a simulation study. Front. Energy, 2020, 14(1): 152-165.
Energy can be transmitted to places, where wired transmission is impossible
Radiation received is potentially dangerous for humans’ health
Peak efficiency is high
Efficiency decays as the transfer distance increases
Tab.1
Fig.2
Fig.3
Microwave power transfer
Capacitive power transfer
Resonant IPT
Distance
Long
Short
Short
Frequency
1–30 MHz
1 kHz–20 MHz
20–200 kHz
Power level
Low/Medium
Low
High
Cost
Medium
Low
Medium
Efficiency
Medium
Low
Medium
Tab.2
Fig.4
Fig.5
Fig.6
Fig.7
0 cm
10 cm
20 cm
30 cm
L1/mH
112.34
118.69
119.33
119.45
L2/mH
112.27
118.76
119.21
119.33
M/mH
111.77
47.99
25.472
14.863
k
0.995
0.404
0.214
0.124
Tab.3
5
7
9
11
13
15
L1/mH
22.11
41.62
67.44
99.88
139.4
186.5
L2/mH
31.09
41.63
67.43
99.91
139.4
186.6
M/mH
6.025
13.05
23.59
38.16
57.33
81.60
k
0.273
0.31
0.349
0.382
0.411
0.437
Tab.4
3 mm
5 mm
7 mm
9 mm
10 mm
L1/mH
118.89
118.3
118.2
118.4
118.7
L2/mH
118.86
118.3
118.2
118.5
118.7
M/mH
37.618
40.46
43.18
45.84
47.14
k
0.316
0.342
0.365
0.386
0.396
Tab.5
0 cm
10 cm
20 cm
30 cm
L1/mH
108.96
119.27
119.51
119.90
L2/mH
113.78
118.86
119.21
119.33
M/mH
98.325
45.955
25.372
15.16
k
0.883
0.386
0.212
0.127
Tab.6
Fig.8
Fig.9
Fig.10
Spacing/mm
Transmitter radius/mm
Receiver radius/mm
Area/mm2
Coupling coefficient
7
385.8
385.8
308556.67
0.859
10
421.8
421.8
399894.08
0.8797
Percentage change/%
9.33
9.33
29.6
2.41
Tab.7
Transmitting coil type
Receiving coil type
Par.
0 cm
10 cm
20 cm
30 cm
Circular coil
Circular coil
M/mH
111.7
47.99
25.472
16.863
k
0.995
0.404
0.214
0.128
Circular coil
D-shaped coil
M/mH
98.32
45.955
25.372
15.16
k
0.883
0.386
0.212
0.127
Tab.8
Spacing/mm
Inner radius/mm
Outer radius/mm
Area/mm2
Efficiency/%
7
225
385.8
308556.67
76.4
10
225
421.8
399894.08
77.5
Percentage of change/%
29.6
1.4
Tab.9
Fig.11
RL/Ω
Distance/cm
Turns
Spacing between turns/mm
25
15
14
10
Tab.10
I*1, I*2
Current in the transmitting and receiving coils, respectively
I1, I2
Root-mean square value of currents flowing through the coils
U12, U21
Voltage induced by the transmitting coil into the receiving one and vice versa
S12, S21
Apparent power values transferred from the transmitting circuit to the receiving one and vice versa
j12
Phase difference between I1and I2
M
Mutual inductance between the coils
w
Angular frequency
P12
Active power transfer between two coils (from 1 to 2)
S
Total complex power
Q1, Q2
Quality factors of transmitting and receiving coils, respectively
L1, L2
Self-inductances of primary and secondary coils, respectively
R1, R2
Resistances of primary and secondary coils, respectively
k
Coupling coefficient between L1and L2
VS
Voltage source
RS
Internal resistance of a voltage source
C1, C2
Resonant capacitors
RL
Active load
η
Power transfer efficiency
D
Distance between two coils
r1, r2
Transmitting and receiving coils’ radii, respectively
S1, S2, S3, S4
Switches of the H-bridge inverter
R11, L11, C11
Compensation resistance, self-inductance and capacitance, respectively
A
Surface area of the circular coil
Rout, Rin
Outer and inner radii of the coils, respectively
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